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{{Lithography processes}}
 
{{Lithography processes}}
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The '''45 nm lithography process''' is a [[technology node|full node]] semiconductor manufacturing process following the [[55 nm lithography process|55 nm process]] stopgap. Commercial [[integrated circuit]] manufacturing using 45 nm process began in 2007. This technology was superseded by the [[40 nm lithography process|40 nm process]] (HN) / [[32 nm lithography process|32 nm process]] (FN) in 2010.
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The '''45 nanometer (45 nm) lithography process''' is a [[technology node|full node]] semiconductor manufacturing process following the [[55 nm lithography process|55 nm process]] stopgap.  
 +
:Commercial [[integrated circuit]] manufacturing using [[45 nm]] process began in [[2007]].  
 +
This technology was superseded by the [[40 nm lithography process|40 nm]] (HN) / [[32 nm lithography process|32 nm process]] (FN) in [[2010]].
  
 
== Industry ==
 
== Industry ==
 +
[[File:45nm SRAM photo.JPG|left|400px|Die photo of an [[Intel]] [[45 nm]] shuttle test chip including 153 MiB [[SRAM]] and logic test circuits]]
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In January of [[2006]] [[Intel]] announced that they've been able to fabricate the first fully functional [[SRAM]] chips on a [[45 nm]] process. As a preview Intel showcased 45 nm SRAM chip (shown below) packing more than 1 billion transistors. Intel opened 3 45 nm facilities, their initial {{intel|D1D}} facility in Oregon, {{intel|Fab 32}} in Arizona and {{intel|Fab 28}} in Israel. Intel's 45 nm process is the first time high-k + metal gate transistors was used in high-volume manufacturing process.
  
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=== Intel ===
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || Measurement || Scaling from [[65 nm]]
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! colspan="4" | [[Intel]] 45 nm Design Rules
−
|-
 
−
| Contacted Gate Pitch || 180 nm || 0.82x
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Interconnect Pitch (M1P) || 160 nm || 0.76x
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! Layer !! Pitch !! Thick !! Aspect <br>Ratio
−
|-
 
−
| [[SRAM]] bit cell || 0.346 µm<sup>2</sup> || 0.61x
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! colspan="4" | Design Rules
 
−
|-
 
−
! Layer !! Pitch !! Thick !! Aspect Ratio
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Isolation || 200 nm || 200 nm || -
 
| Isolation || 200 nm || 200 nm || -
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Contacted Gate || 180 nm || 60 nm || --
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| Contacted <br>Gate || 180 nm || 60 nm || --
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Metal 1 || 160 nm || 144 nm || 1.8
 
| Metal 1 || 160 nm || 144 nm || 1.8
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| Metal 8 || 810 nm || 720 nm || 1.8
 
| Metal 8 || 810 nm || 720 nm || 1.8
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Metal 9 || 30.5 µm || 7 µm || 1.5
+
| Metal 9 || 30.5 µm || 7 µm || 0.4
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
=== Specifications ===
 +
{{scrolling table/top|style=text-align: right; | first=Fab /<br>Manuf
 +
|Process <br>Name
 +
|1st Production
 +
|Type
 +
|Wafer
 +
|&nbsp;
 +
|Contacted Gate Pitch
 +
|Interconnect Pitch (M1P)
 +
|SRAM bit cell (HD)
 +
|SRAM bit cell (LP)
 +
|DRAM bit cell
 +
}}
 +
{{scrolling table/mid}}
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="2" | [[Intel]] !! colspan="2" | [[Fujitsu]] !! colspan="2" | [[TI]] !! colspan="2" | [[Toshiba]] / <br>[[Sony]] / [[NEC]]  !!  colspan="2" | [[Samsung]] !!  colspan="2" | [[IBM]] / [[Toshiba]] / <br>[[Sony]] / [[AMD]]
 +
|- style="text-align: center;"
 +
| colspan="2" | P1266 (CPU) / P1269 (SoC) <br>/ P1266.8 (SoC)  || colspan="2" | CS-300 || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | 11LP || colspan="2" |
 +
|- style="text-align: center;"
 +
| colspan="2" | 2006 || colspan="2" | 2008 || colspan="2" | 2008 || colspan="2" | 2006 || colspan="2" | 2007 || colspan="2" | 2007
 +
|- style="text-align: center;"
 +
| colspan="10" | Bulk || colspan="2" | PDSOI
 +
|- style="text-align: center;"
 +
| colspan="12" | 300mm
 +
|-
 +
! Value !! [[65 nm]] Δ !! Value !! [[65 nm]] Δ !! Value !! [[65 nm]] Δ !! Value !! [[65 nm]] Δ !! Value !! [[65 nm]] Δ !! Value !! [[65 nm]] Δ
 +
|-
 +
| 180 nm || 0.82x || 190 nm || ?x || ? nm || ?x || 180 nm || ?x || ? nm || ?x || 190 nm || 0.76x
 +
|-
 +
| 160 nm || 0.76x || ? nm || ?x || ? nm || ?x || ? nm || ?x || ? nm || ?x || ? nm || ?x
 +
|-
 +
| 0.346 µm² || 0.61x || 0.225 µm² || ?x || 0.255 µm² || ?x || 0.248 µm² || ?x || 0.29 µm² || 0.54x || 0.370 µm² || 0.57x
 +
|-
 +
| 0.3816 µm² || 0.56x || || || || || || || 0.359 µm² || 0.53x || ||
 +
|-
 +
| || || || || || || || || 0.11 µm² || 0.58x || 0.067 µm² || 0.53x
 +
{{scrolling table/end}}
 +
 +
=== Intel ===
 +
<gallery widths=200px heights=300px>
 +
File:45nm wafer photo 2.JPG|Intel engineer holding 300 mm wafer with 45 nm shuttle test chips
 +
File:45nm wafer photo 1.jpg|300 mm wafer with 45 nm shuttle test chips
 +
File:45nm-wafer-photo-3.jpg|Intel 300 mm wafer with 45 nm shuttle test chips
 +
File:45nm SRAM Cell.jpg|6T SRAM Bit-Cell
 +
</gallery>
  
 
== 45 nm Microprocessors==
 
== 45 nm Microprocessors==
 +
* AMD
 +
** {{amd|Athlon II}}
 +
** {{amd|Opteron}}
 +
** {{amd|Phenom II}}
 +
* Freescale
 +
** {{freescale|QorIQ}}
 +
* IBM
 +
** {{ibm|Power7}}
 
* Intel
 
* Intel
 
** {{intel|Atom}}
 
** {{intel|Atom}}
 +
** {{intel|Celeron}}
 +
** {{intel|Core 2 Duo}}
 +
** {{intel|Core 2 Extreme}}
 +
** {{intel|Core 2 Quad}}
 +
** {{intel|Core 2 Quad Extreme}}
 +
** {{intel|Core 2 Solo}}
 +
** {{intel|Core i3}}
 +
** {{intel|Core i5}}
 +
** {{intel|Core i7}}
 
** {{intel|Core i7EE}}
 
** {{intel|Core i7EE}}
 +
** {{intel|Pentium Dual-Core}}
 +
** {{intel|Pentium (2009)|Pentium}}
 +
** {{intel|Xeon}}
  
 +
{{expand list}}n Chips==
 
{{expand list}}
 
{{expand list}}
  
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== 45 nm System on Chips==
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== 45 nm Microarchitectures ==
 +
* AMD
 +
** {{amd|K10|l=arch}}
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* IBM
 +
** {{ibm|z196|l=arch}}
 +
* Intel
 +
** {{intel|Bonnell|l=arch}}
 +
** {{intel|Nehalem|l=arch}}
 +
** {{intel|Penryn|l=arch}}
 +
* VIA Technologies
 +
** {{via|Isaiah|l=arch}}
 +
 
 
{{expand list}}
 
{{expand list}}
  
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== 45 nm Microarchitectures ==
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== Documents ==
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* Intel:
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* [[:File:samsung foundry - 45, 65, 90 (August, 2007).pdf|Samsung foundry - 45 nm, 65 nm, 90 nm guide (August, 2007)]]
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** {{intel|Bonnell}}
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* Intel
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** {{intel|Nehalem}}
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** [[:File:45nmSummaryFoils.pdf|New Intel 45 nm Processors]]
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** {{intel|Penryn}}
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** [[:File:Press45nm107 FINAL.pdf|High-k + Metal Gate Transistor Breakthrough on 45 nm Microprocessors]]
 +
** [[:File:SandToCircuit FINAL.pdf|From sand to circuits]]
 +
 
 +
== References ==
 +
* Mistry, Kaizad, et al. "A 45nm logic technology with high-k+ metal gate transistors, strained silicon, 9 Cu interconnect layers, 193nm dry patterning, and 100% Pb-free packaging." Electron Devices Meeting, 2007. IEDM 2007. IEEE International. IEEE, 2007.
  
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{{expand list}}
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[[category:lithography]]

Latest revision as of 20:39, 19 March 2025

basic wafer drawing.svg Semiconductor lithography processes technology
v · d · e

The 45 nanometer (45 nm) lithography process is a full node semiconductor manufacturing process following the 55 nm process stopgap.

Commercial integrated circuit manufacturing using 45 nm process began in 2007.

This technology was superseded by the 40 nm (HN) / 32 nm process (FN) in 2010.

Industry[edit]

Die photo of an Intel 45 nm shuttle test chip including 153 MiB SRAM and logic test circuits

In January of 2006 Intel announced that they've been able to fabricate the first fully functional SRAM chips on a 45 nm process. As a preview Intel showcased 45 nm SRAM chip (shown below) packing more than 1 billion transistors. Intel opened 3 45 nm facilities, their initial D1D facility in Oregon, Fab 32 in Arizona and Fab 28 in Israel. Intel's 45 nm process is the first time high-k + metal gate transistors was used in high-volume manufacturing process.

Intel 45 nm Design Rules
Layer Pitch Thick Aspect
Ratio
Isolation 200 nm 200 nm -
Contacted
Gate 		180 nm 60 nm --
Metal 1 160 nm 144 nm 1.8
Metal 2 160 nm 144 nm 1.8
Metal 3 160 nm 144 nm 1.8
Metal 4 240 nm 216 nm 1.8
Metal 5 280 nm 252 nm 1.8
Metal 6 360 nm 324 nm 1.8
Metal 7 560 nm 504 nm 1.7
Metal 8 810 nm 720 nm 1.8
Metal 9 30.5 µm 7 µm 0.4

Specifications[edit]

Fab /
Manuf
Process
Name​
1st Production​
Type​
Wafer​
 ​
Contacted Gate Pitch​
Interconnect Pitch (M1P)​
SRAM bit cell (HD)​
SRAM bit cell (LP)​
DRAM bit cell
Intel Fujitsu TI Toshiba /
Sony / NEC 		Samsung IBM / Toshiba /
Sony / AMD
P1266 (CPU) / P1269 (SoC)
/ P1266.8 (SoC) 		CS-300 11LP
2006 2008 2008 2006 2007 2007
Bulk PDSOI
300mm
Value 65 nm Δ Value 65 nm Δ Value 65 nm Δ Value 65 nm Δ Value 65 nm Δ Value 65 nm Δ
180 nm 0.82x 190 nm  ?x  ? nm  ?x 180 nm  ?x  ? nm  ?x 190 nm 0.76x
160 nm 0.76x  ? nm  ?x  ? nm  ?x  ? nm  ?x  ? nm  ?x  ? nm  ?x
0.346 µm² 0.61x 0.225 µm²  ?x 0.255 µm²  ?x 0.248 µm²  ?x 0.29 µm² 0.54x 0.370 µm² 0.57x
0.3816 µm² 0.56x 0.359 µm² 0.53x
0.11 µm² 0.58x 0.067 µm² 0.53x

Intel[edit]

  • Intel engineer holding 300 mm wafer with 45 nm shuttle test chips

  • 300 mm wafer with 45 nm shuttle test chips

  • Intel 300 mm wafer with 45 nm shuttle test chips

  • 6T SRAM Bit-Cell

45 nm Microprocessors[edit]

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.n Chips== This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

45 nm Microarchitectures[edit]

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Documents[edit]

References[edit]

  • Mistry, Kaizad, et al. "A 45nm logic technology with high-k+ metal gate transistors, strained silicon, 9 Cu interconnect layers, 193nm dry patterning, and 100% Pb-free packaging." Electron Devices Meeting, 2007. IEDM 2007. IEEE International. IEEE, 2007.
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