(→Overview) |
(→Densities) |
||
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
First introduced by the major foundries around the [[2020]] timeframe, the 5-nanometer [[process technology]] is characterized by its use of [[FinFET]] transistors with fin pitches in the 20s of nanometer and densest metal pitches in the 30s of nanometers. Due to the small feature sizes, these processes make extensive use of EUV for the critical dimensions, along with quad patterning for the fins and double patterning for the rest of the metal stack. Note that Intel [[7 nm process]] is comparable to the foundry 5-nanometer node. | First introduced by the major foundries around the [[2020]] timeframe, the 5-nanometer [[process technology]] is characterized by its use of [[FinFET]] transistors with fin pitches in the 20s of nanometer and densest metal pitches in the 30s of nanometers. Due to the small feature sizes, these processes make extensive use of EUV for the critical dimensions, along with quad patterning for the fins and double patterning for the rest of the metal stack. Note that Intel [[7 nm process]] is comparable to the foundry 5-nanometer node. | ||
− | === | + | === Density === |
In terms of raw cell-level density, the 5-nanometer node features silicon densities between 130-230 million [[transistors per square millimeter]] based on WikiChip's own analysis. | In terms of raw cell-level density, the 5-nanometer node features silicon densities between 130-230 million [[transistors per square millimeter]] based on WikiChip's own analysis. | ||
Revision as of 00:29, 14 October 2019
The 5 nanometer (5 nm or 50 Å) lithography process is a technology node semiconductor manufacturing process following the 7 nm process node. Commercial integrated circuit manufacturing using 5 nm process is set to begin sometimes around 2020.
The term "5 nm" is simply a commercial name for a generation of a certain size and its technology, and does not represent any geometry of the transistor.
Contents
Overview
First introduced by the major foundries around the 2020 timeframe, the 5-nanometer process technology is characterized by its use of FinFET transistors with fin pitches in the 20s of nanometer and densest metal pitches in the 30s of nanometers. Due to the small feature sizes, these processes make extensive use of EUV for the critical dimensions, along with quad patterning for the fins and double patterning for the rest of the metal stack. Note that Intel 7 nm process is comparable to the foundry 5-nanometer node.
Density
In terms of raw cell-level density, the 5-nanometer node features silicon densities between 130-230 million transistors per square millimeter based on WikiChip's own analysis.
Industry
Only three companies are currently planning or developing a 5-nanometer node: Intel, TSMC, and Samsung.
Intel | TSMC | Samsung | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Process | P1278 (CPU), P1279 (SoC) | N5, N5P | 5LPP | ||||
Production | 2023 | Q1'2020 | 2020 | ||||
Litho | Lithography | EUV | |||||
Immersion Exposure | SE (EUV) DP (193i) | SE (EUV) DP (193i) | |||||
Wafer | Type | Bulk | |||||
Size | 300 mm | ||||||
xTor | Type | FinFET | FinFET | ||||
Voltage | |||||||
Value | 7 nm Δ | Value | 7 nm Δ | Value | 7 nm Δ | ||
Fin | Pitch | 27 nm | 1.0x | ||||
Width | |||||||
Height | |||||||
Gate Length (Lg) | 8/10 nm | 1.0x | |||||
Contacted Gate Pitch (CPP) | 60 nm (HP) 54 nm (HD) | 1.0x 1.0x | |||||
Minimum Metal Pitch (MMP) | 36 nm | 1.0x | |||||
SRAM | High-Perf (HP) | 0.032 µm² | 1.0x | ||||
High-Density (HD) | 0.021 µm² | 0.78x | 0.026 µm² | 1.0x | |||
Low-Voltage (LV) |
Intel
In May of 2017, Intel's Technology and Manufacturing Group Director, Mark Bohr, confirmed that Intel was already started researching their 5 nm node as their 7nm was already in the development phase.
TSMC
N5
TSMC started its risk production of the 5-nanometer, N5, node in March 2019 with production expected to start in the first quarter of 2020.
N5 is planned as a full node successor to the company's N7 node, featuring 1.8x improvement in logic density. The N5 node continues to use bulk silicon FinFET transistors. Leveraging their experience from 7+, 5 nm makes extensive use of EUV for more critical layers in order to reduce the multi-patterning complexity.
N5 PPA vs. N7 | ||
---|---|---|
Speed @ iso-power | Power @ iso-speed | Max speed improvement @ Vdd (eLVT) |
~15% | ~30% | ~25% |
The 5 nm node is expected to deliver a 15% improvement in performance at constant power or a 20% reduction in power at constant performance. For N5, TSMC is also offering an eLVT library that offers 25% high speed at Vdd. N5 targets both low-power mobile and high-performance compute with this node. In addition to a target density improvement of ~1.8x, TSMC has also improved the analog circuit density by ~1.2x.
N5P
As with their 7-nanometer process, TSMC will offer an optimized version of their N5 process called N5 Performance-enhanced version (N5P). This process uses the same design rules and is fully IP-compatible with N5. Through FEOL and MOL optimizations, N5P will offer 7% higher performance over N5 at iso-power or 15% lower power at iso-performance. Risk production for N5 is expected to start around the second half of 2020 with volume production starting sometimes in 2021.
Samsung
5LPE
Samsung 5-Nanometer Low-Power Early (5LPE) design development completed in early 2019. Unlike TSMC's 5-nanometer node, 5LPE is considered to be only a quarter node successor to the company's 7-nanometer 7LPP process, delivering 1.3x density improvement through a new standard cell library as well as new scaling boosters.
Samsung 5LPE process provides different benefits depending on the migration path selected from 7LPP. Moving to a similar 7.5T library will provide 11% performance improvement through various transistor optimizations (Low-k spacer, DC enhancement, etc.). Alternatively, moving to the new 6T library provides around 33% higher density. The area benefits come from a single track reduction in the cell height, contact over the active region edge, and the use of a single diffusion break.
Samsung 5-nanometer 5LPE Design Rules | ||
---|---|---|
Layer | Pitch | Scale Factor |
Fin | 27 nm | 1.0x |
Gate Pitch | 54/60 nm | 1.0x |
Metal 1 | 40 nm | 1.0x |
Metal 2 | 36 nm | 0.75x |
Metal 3 | 36 nm | 1.0x |
Metal 4 | 44 nm | 1.0x |
Samsung 5LPE provides two main libraries - 7.5T library (HD) for performance and a 6T library (UHD) for the area and power optimizations. The 7.5T library utilizes a relaxed 60 nm poly pitch with 10 diffusion lines for a cell height of 270 nanometers. This is identical to the 7LPP library. In the 7LPP process, Samsung also offered a high-density 6.75T cell library with a tighter 54 nm CPP that had 9 diffusion lines. In 5LPP, the new 6T library also utilizes the 54 nm CPP but reduces the diffusion lines to 8 for an even shorter cell height of 216 nm.
Samsung 5-nanometer 5LPE Standard Libraries | ||
---|---|---|
Library | 7.5T HD | 6T UHD |
Cell Height | 270 nm | 216 nm |
Config | 3p+3n | 2p+2n |
Signal Tracks | 6 | 5 |
CPP | 60 nm | 54 nm |
M1 | 40 (Bi) | 40 (Uni) |
M2 | 60 nm | 36 nm |
DB | MDB | SDB |
CB | CB on STI | CB on RXN/RXP edge |
With the new 6T library, Samsung is also providing single-fin devices for ultra-low power and always-on circuits.
4LPE
![]() |
This section is empty; you can help add the missing info by editing this page. |
5 nm Microprocessors
- PEZY
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
5 nm Microarchitectures
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Bibliography
- WikiChip Own Research
- TSMC Technology Symposium, 2017
- TSMC Technology Symposium, 2018
- TSMC Technology Symposium, 2019
- Samsung Foundry Forum, 2019
- Samsung, Arm TechCon, 2019
- TSMC, Arm TechCon, 2019