arm/microarchitectures

ARM Microarchitectures
General						Details
µarch	Type	ISA	Designer	Introduction	Manuf	Process	Cores	Pipeline Num•Min•Max
ARM1	CPU	ARMv1	Acorn Computers	1985	VLSI Technology	3,000 nm 3 μm 0.003 mm	1	3
ARM2	CPU	ARMv2	Acorn Computers	1986	VLSI Technology, Sanyo	2,000 nm 2 μm 0.002 mm	1	3
ARM3	CPU	ARMv2a	Acorn Computers	1989	VLSI Technology, Sanyo	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	1	3
ARM250	CPU	ARMv2a	ARM Holdings	1992	VLSI Technology	1,000 nm 1 μm 0.001 mm	1	3
ARM7	CPU	ARMv3	ARM Holdings	1993	VLSI Technology
StrongARM	CPU	ARMv4	DEC, ARM Holdings	5 February 1996	DEC, Intel	350 nm 0.35 μm 3.5e-4 mm	1	5
ARM8	CPU	ARMv4	ARM Holdings	8 July 1996	TSMC
ARM9	CPU		ARM Holdings	16 October 1997	TSMC, VLSI Technology
ARM10	CPU		ARM Holdings	15 October 1998	TSMC
ARM11	CPU		ARM Holdings	29 April 2002	TSMC
Cortex-A8	CPU	ARMv7	ARM Holdings	5 October 2005	TSMC	65 nm 0.065 μm 6.5e-5 mm , 45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm		13
Cortex-A9	CPU	ARMv7	ARM Holdings	3 October 2007	TSMC	40 nm 0.04 μm 4.0e-5 mm
Cortex-A5	CPU	ARMv7	ARM Holdings	22 October 2009	TSMC
Cortex-A15	CPU	ARMv7	ARM Holdings	8 September 2010	TSMC
Cortex-A7	CPU	ARMv7	ARM Holdings	19 October 2011	TSMC	40 nm 0.04 μm 4.0e-5 mm , 28 nm 0.028 μm 2.8e-5 mm
Cortex-A57	CPU	ARMv8	ARM Holdings	30 October 2012	TSMC
Cortex-A53	CPU	ARMv8	ARM Holdings	30 October 2012	TSMC, Samsung, GlobalFoundries	40 nm 0.04 μm 4.0e-5 mm , 28 nm 0.028 μm 2.8e-5 mm , 20 nm 0.02 μm 2.0e-5 mm , 16 nm 0.016 μm 1.6e-5 mm , 14 nm 0.014 μm 1.4e-5 mm , 10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm	1, 2, 3, 4	8
Cortex-A12	CPU	ARMv7	ARM Holdings	2 June 2013	TSMC
Cortex-A17	CPU	ARMv7	ARM Holdings	11 February 2014	TSMC
Cortex-A72	CPU	ARMv8	ARM Holdings	23 April 2015	TSMC
Cortex-A35	CPU	ARMv8	ARM Holdings	10 November 2015	TSMC
Cortex-A32	CPU	ARMv8 AArch32	ARM Holdings	23 February 2016	TSMC			8
Cortex-A73	CPU	ARMv8	ARM Holdings	29 May 2016	TSMC
Cortex-A55	CPU	ARMv8.2	ARM Holdings	29 May 2017	TSMC, Samsung, GlobalFoundries, SMIC	16 nm 0.016 μm 1.6e-5 mm , 14 nm 0.014 μm 1.4e-5 mm , 10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 12 nm 0.012 μm 1.2e-5 mm	1, 2, 3, 4	8
Cortex-A75	CPU	ARMv8.2	ARM Holdings	29 May 2017	TSMC	16 nm 0.016 μm 1.6e-5 mm , 14 nm 0.014 μm 1.4e-5 mm , 10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 12 nm 0.012 μm 1.2e-5 mm	1, 2, 4, 8		11	13
Cortex-A76	CPU	ARMv8.2	ARM Holdings	31 May 2018	TSMC	12 nm 0.012 μm 1.2e-5 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4, 6, 8	13
Neoverse N1	CPU	ARMv8.2	ARM Holdings	20 February 2019	TSMC	7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm	4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 96, 128	11
Cortex-A77	CPU	ARMv8.2	ARM Holdings	27 May 2019	TSMC, samsung, SMIC	10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4, 6, 8	13
Cortex-M55	CPU	ARMv8.1-M	ARM Holdings	10 February 2020	TSMC	55 nm 0.055 μm 5.5e-5 mm , 45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm , 32 nm 0.032 μm 3.2e-5 mm , 28 nm 0.028 μm 2.8e-5 mm , 22 nm 0.022 μm 2.2e-5 mm , 16 nm 0.016 μm 1.6e-5 mm , 10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4		4	5
Cortex-X1 (Hera)	CPU	ARMv8.2	ARM Holdings	26 May 2020	TSMC	10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4, 6, 8	13
Cortex-A78	CPU	ARMv8.2	ARM Holdings	26 May 2020	TSMC	10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4, 6, 8	13
Neoverse N2	CPU	ARMv9.0-A	ARM Holdings	22 September 2020	TSMC	7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm	4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 96, 128	13
Cortex-A710 (Matterhorn)	CPU		ARM Holdings	2021	TSMC	7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4
Cortex-X2 (Matterhorn-ELP)	CPU	ARMv9.0-A	ARM Holdings	2021	TSMC	5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm	1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12	288
Neoverse V1	CPU	ARMv8.4	ARM Holdings	27 April 2021	TSMC	7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm
Cortex-A510 (Klein)	CPU	ARMv9.0	ARM Holdings	25 May 2021	TSMC, Samsung, GlobalFoundries, SMIC	7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 6 nm 0.006 μm 6.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2
Cortex-X3 (Makalu-ELP)	CPU	ARMv9.0-A	ARM Holdings	2022	TSMC	10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12	320
Cortex-A715 (Makalu)	CPU		ARM Holdings	2022	TSMC	7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4
Cortex-X4 (Hunter-ELP)	CPU	ARMv9.2-A	ARM Holdings	2023	TSMC	10 nm 0.01 μm 1.0e-5 mm , 7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14	384
Cortex-A720 (Hunter)	CPU		ARM Holdings	2023	TSMC	7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4
Neoverse V3	CPU	ARMv9.0-A	ARM Holdings	2023	TSMC	5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm , 4 nm 0.004 μm 4.0e-6 mm
Cortex-A520 (Hayes)	CPU	ARMv9.2-A	ARM Holdings	April 2023	TSMC	4 nm 0.004 μm 4.0e-6 mm	4
Cortex-X5 (Chaberton-ELP)	CPU		ARM Holdings	2024	TSMC
Cortex-A725 (Chaberton)	CPU		ARM Holdings	2024	TSMC	7 nm 0.007 μm 7.0e-6 mm , 5 nm 0.005 μm 5.0e-6 mm	1, 2, 4

Comparison[edit]

"LITTLE" core

µArch	Cortex-A53	Cortex-A55	Cortex-A510	Cortex-A520	Cortex-A530
Codename	Apollo	Ananke	Klein	Hayes	Nevis
Peak clock speed	2.3 GHz	2.1 GHz	2.0 GHz	2.0 GHz	-
Architecture	ARMv8.0-A	ARMv8.2-A	ARMv9.0-A	ARMv9.2-A	ARMv9.4-A
AArch	32-bit and 64-bit			64-bit
L1 (I + D) (KiB)	8/64 + 8/64 KiB	16/64 + 16/64 KiB	32/64 + 32/64 KiB		-
L2 Cache (KiB)	0–256 KiB		0–512 KiB		-
L3 Cache (MiB)	-	0–4 MiB	0–16 MiB	0–32 MiB	-
Decode width	2-way		3-way	3-way (2 ALU)	-
Dispatch	8 Mops/cycle		-	-	-

"big" core

µArch	Cortex-A77	Cortex-A78	Cortex-A710	Cortex-A715	Cortex-A720	Cortex-A725	Cortex-A730
Codename	Deimos	Hercules	Matterhorn	Makalu	Hunter	Chaberton	Gelas
Peak clock speed	2.6 GHz	~3.0 GHz				-	-
Architecture	ARMv8.2-A		ARMv9.0-A		ARMv9.2-A		ARMv9.4-A
AArch	-	32-bit and 64-bit		64-bit		64-bit
Max In-flight	2x 160	2x 160	?	2x 192+ ^[1]	?	-	-
L0 (Mops entries)	-	1536		0		-	-
L1 (I + D) (KiB)	64 + 64 KiB	32/64 + 32/64 KiB				64 + 64 KiB	-
L2 Cache (KiB)	256–512 KiB	128–512 KiB				0.25–1 MiB ^[2]	-
L3 Cache (MiB)	0–4 MiB	0–8 MiB	0–16 MiB		0–32 MiB ^[3]		-
Decode width	4-way			5-way			-
Dispatch	6 Mops/cycle		5 Mops/cycle		?	-	-

Cortex-X[edit]

"Prime" core

µArch	Cortex-X1(C)	Cortex-X2	Cortex-X3	Cortex-X4	~~Cortex-X5~~	Cortex-X925	Cortex-X930
Codename	Hera(-C)	Matterhorn-ELP	Makalu-ELP	Hunter-ELP	~~Chaberton-ELP~~	Blackhawk	Travis /Alto
Peak clock speed	3.0 GHz	3.0 GHz	3.3 GHz	3.4 GHz	- -	3.8 GHz	4.2 GHz
Architecture	ARMv8.2-A	ARMv9.0-A		ARMv9.2-A			ARMv9.4-A
AArch	32/64-bit	64-bit		64-bit		64-bit
Max in-flight	2x 224 ^[4]	2x 288	2x 320	2x 384	- -	2x 768 ^[5]	-
L0 (Mops entries)	3072 ^[6]		1536	0 ^[7]	- -	-	-
L1 (I + D) (KiB)	64 + 64 KiB		64 + 64 KiB		- -	64 + 64 KiB	-
L2 Cache (KiB)	0.25–1 MiB			0.5–2 MiB	- -	2–3 MiB	-
L3 Cache (MiB)	0–8 MiB	0–16 MiB		0–32 MiB			-
Decode width	5-way		6-way	10-way			-
Dispatch	8 Mops/cycle			10 Mops/cycle			-

References[edit]

Jump up ↑ (2022-06-28) Arm introduces Cortex-A715.
Jump up ↑ (2024-05-29) Arm launches next gen big core Cortex-A725.
Jump up ↑ (2023-05-28) Arm introduces a new big core Cortex-A720.
Jump up ↑ Schor, David (2020-05-26). Arm Cortex-X1: The First From The Cortex-X Custom Program.
Jump up ↑ https://www.androidauthority.com/arm-cortex-x925-g925-explained-3445480/
Jump up ↑ Arm's New Cortex-A78 and Cortex-X1 Microarchitectures: An Efficiency and Performance Divergence.
Jump up ↑ Arm Cortex-X4, A720, and A520: 2024 smartphone CPUs deep dive.

[1] Jump up ↑ (2022-06-28) Arm introduces Cortex-A715.

[2] Jump up ↑ (2024-05-29) Arm launches next gen big core Cortex-A725.

[3] Jump up ↑ (2023-05-28) Arm introduces a new big core Cortex-A720.

[4] Jump up ↑ Schor, David (2020-05-26). Arm Cortex-X1: The First From The Cortex-X Custom Program.

[5] Jump up ↑ https://www.androidauthority.com/arm-cortex-x925-g925-explained-3445480/

[6] Jump up ↑ Arm's New Cortex-A78 and Cortex-X1 Microarchitectures: An Efficiency and Performance Divergence.

[7] Jump up ↑ Arm Cortex-X4, A720, and A520: 2024 smartphone CPUs deep dive.

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Contents

ARM Holdings[edit]

ARM Microarchitectures[edit]

Comparison[edit]

Cortex-X[edit]

References[edit]