...anguage. It's this precise simplicity and abstraction that allowed various system designers to support C on their architectures. Today, support for the C lan .... UNIX was originally written in assembly language, like most programs and operating systems of the time. Debugging code written in assembly was difficult and s

...{{mips|MIPS64}} ISA which provides the facilities needed for an operating system.

...nput/out processing, and various other facilities for performing operating system services. The standard libraries functions are implemented directly through

...ay button, or using the Ctrl+F5 shortcut. If you are using a UNIX or Linux system, you should be able to compile the program using the following command: ...ult your operating system's documentation, or an expert familiar with your system's environment, for more detailed information.

...was first announced on October, 2013. The processor has a 400 MHz maximum operating frequency with power options to run at half or at quarter of the maximum fr [[Category:System on a chip]]

...system on a single [[integrated circuit]], or as a few integrated circuits operating as a cohesive unit, designed for the processing digital data. ...D driver]]s, and [[FPGA]]. SoCs are capable of running full-fledged modern operating systems with all their features.

The '''PPS-25''' (also '''PPS25'''; '''Programmed Processor System - 25 Digits''') was a [[microprocessor family|family]] of [[4-bit architect ...fic calculations. The system was 25-digit (100-bit) seriel, 4-bit parallel operating at 62.5 µs word time and 2.5 µs bit time. That is, the addition of two wo

...set size. The use of RSS is often used in making decisions on whether the system had enough space to swap the process when it entered the [[ready queue]]. ...elves are shown. The exact fields are not always the same across different operating systems, however, on Linux, RSS is the 24th field. The field has ''%ld'' [[

! style="width: 25%;" | System !! Processor !! Frequency !! Memory !! Weight ...972, became the first spacecraft to achieve escape velocity from the Solar System. The spacecraft's process were made of individual [[transistor-transistor l

| '''hwnd''' || Returns the [[Operating system|operating system's]] actual [[hWnd|window handle]] for the channel.

{{mirc title|$os identifier}}'''$os''' returns the name of the operating system you are running

A '''vacuum tube computer''' is a computer system built primarily using [[vacuum tube]]s and [[vacuum tube logic]]. Vacuum tu ...ubes prove to be a significant improvement over electromechanical relays - operating 1000 times faster. However the performance advantage came at the cost of de

...mputer becoming the most widely used analog computer system in the world - operating in various places well into the late 1970s and even early 1980s.

...SoC) which are much more powerful devices, capable of executing modern-day operating systems and applications.

...]] and [[program memory]] incorporated internally, making it a single-chip system (hence the "/1"). It's full compatible with all the original PPS-4 CPU and ...considerably slower than their {{rockwell|pps-4|multi-chip counterparts}}, operating at only up to half of their frequency (40 KHz-100 KHz).

| type = system on chips ...tra-low-voltage]] {{arch|32|32}} and {{arch|64}} [[microprocessor]]s and [[system on chip]]s designed by [[Intel]] since 2008.

...d in 1999, uses {{amd|Slot A}}, has a double data rate [[front side bus]] operating at 100 MHz (having an effective bus speed of 200 MHz). Argon microprocessor ...00 and use {{amd|Slot A}}. They have a double data rate [[front side bus]] operating at 100 MHz (having an effective bus speed of 200 MHz). Pluto microprocessor

...3G modem. Manufactured in [[28 nm lithography process|28 nm process]] and operating at 1 GHz, this SoC is aimed at entry-level smart phones. This SoC integrate

...e x3-C3445 is one of Intel's first SoC to integrate a 4G LET 5-mode modem. Operating in 1.2 GHz with a burst frequency of 1.4 GHz, this chip has a scenario desi

...5}} except for its networking capabilities which are limited to WiFi only. Operating in 1.2 GHz with a burst frequency of 1.4 GHz, this chip has a scenario desi

...ly, manufacturers were allowed to use the '''Centrino Atom''' brand if the system consist of a Bonnell-based processor, the chipset, wireless capabilities ([ ...ase in the world, including the ability to run any other [[x86]] operating system unmodified. At the same time it forced the design team to resort to other m

...C|3D]] [[stacked]] SRAM was utilized to achieve bandwidths of over 1 Tb/s. Operating as high as 5.7 GHz, the chip could reach over 1.8 [[teraFLOPS]] of sustaine

...on versus its {{intel|microarchitectures|predecessors}} resulting a full [[system on a chip]] design. * New {{intel|System Agent}} architecture

* [[System Agent]] ** System [[DRAM]]:

** System [[DRAM]]: * '''BCLK''' - Bus/Base Clock - The system bus interface frequency (once upon a time referred to the actual [[FSB]] sp

...onnect architecture}} along with {{\\|Gen11}} GPU, and an improved {{intel|System Agent}} with a new display engine and I/O. ...{{x86|AVX-512}} support for the client market. Those cores, along with the system agent and the GPU, are linked over Intel's {{intel|ring interconnect}}. The

...a general purpose register. These instructions are intended for operating system use and date back to the Intel {{intel|80286}} microarchitecture. SMSW was ...in turn point to interrupt handler code. CR0 contains flags which control operating modes of the processor. User-mode code was never able to load values into t

...bo Boost and have the feature enabled and supported (e.g. most [[operating system|OSs]]). Under various workloads, especially ones that are relatively low in ...bled or enabled. Additionally, Turbo Boosts operates under the [[operating system]]'s control and is engaged automatically when the OS requests the highest p

...ip implemented the {{intel|80387}} [[FPU]] on-die and incorporated {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM). * {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM)

...ip implemented the {{intel|80387}} [[FPU]] on-die and incorporated {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM). * {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM)

...ip implemented the {{intel|80387}} [[FPU]] on-die and incorporated {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM). * {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM)

...ip implemented the {{intel|80387}} [[FPU]] on-die and incorporated {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM). The DX4 series had twice as much cache space as th * {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM)

...ip implemented the {{intel|80387}} [[FPU]] on-die and incorporated {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM). The DX4 series had twice as much cache space as th * {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM)

...el|microarchitectures/80486|80486 microarchitecture}}, had a clock doubler operating at 50 MHz, twice the bus speed. In contrast to the i486DX chips, the i486SX * {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM)

...el|microarchitectures/80486|80486 microarchitecture}}, had a clock doubler operating at 66 MHz, twice the bus speed. In contrast to the i486DX chips, the i486SX * {{intel|System Management Mode}} (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...is chip as Pentium-75-comparable performance. Due to this processor's high operating temperature rating, it became a favorite among computer enthusiasts who oft * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 4x, operating at 133 MHz with a bus speed of 33 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 3x, operating at 150 MHz with a bus speed of 50 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 3x, operating at 150 MHz with a bus speed of 50 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 3x, operating at 150 MHz with a bus speed of 50 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere * [[has feature::System Management Mode]] (SMM)

...their {{amd|Am5x86}} family. This processor had a clock multiplier of 3x, operating at 150 MHz with a bus speed of 50 MHz. This MPU had all the features offere ...rs). Fake 160 chips were most likely {{\\|AMD-X5-133ADZ}} which had a high operating temperature which made them fairly stable overclocked to 160 MHz anyway.

* {{intel|iRMX}} - Real-time operating system Additionally Intel used a numbering suffix to indicate the type of system configuration dealt with.

...ed in late 1990. This chip, which incorporated the {{amd|N80C286-12}} core operating at 12 MHz integrated with all the other components typically found on an IB * CPU shutdown mode; System shutdown mode

...ed in late 1990. This chip, which incorporated the {{amd|N80C286-16}} core operating at 16 MHz integrated with all the other components typically found on an IB * CPU shutdown mode; System shutdown mode

...ed in late 1990. This chip, which incorporated the {{amd|N80C286-12}} core operating at 12 MHz integrated with all the other components typically found on an IB

...ed in late 1990. This chip, which incorporated the {{amd|N80C286-16}} core operating at 16 MHz integrated with all the other components typically found on an IB

* March 20: [[Qualcomm]] announces the {{qualcomm|MSM6xxx}} family of system on chips with [[2G]] and [[3G]] support ...me, a prototype CMOS transistor with a 15-nanometer gate length and an 0.8 operating voltage with a switching speed of 300 fs (0.3 ps).

* January 25: [[P-Rating]] system specification were finalized. ...[AMD]], [[IBM]], [[SGS-Thomson]], and [[Cyrix]] announced the [[P-Rating]] system.

...time - 533 MHz. Comparable chips at the time of Exponential founding were operating at only 50-75 MHz max. By [[1993]] the idea was backed by [[Apple]] and the ...the lay off of thousands employees they will no longer be able to design a system around the X704 chip. This decision had devastating consequences for Expone

...or revolutions per minute, to indicate how fast the automobile's engine is operating. According to the P-rating developers, "MHz" resembles the RPM measurement, ...en compared with Intel Pentium processors. For example, under the P-rating system announced today, a processor that delivers performance comparable to a 150

...and failed to provide a good measure of real application performance. This system provides a single rating number for a processor (the P-rating) that gives a * To ensure wide acceptance by the processor manufacturers, system vendors, the press, and end users

...64-bit [[network on chip]] (NoC) interconnect made of 3 physical networks operating with a 1 cycle/hop latency. ...national Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems 2016 Mar 25 (pp. 217-232). ACM.

* Cache system ** System DRAM:

* System DRAM ...Die shots suggest two execution blocks splitting the PRF and FP ALUs, one operating on the lower 128 bits of a YMM register, executing x87, MMX, SSE, and AVX i

...s designed for segment-optimized 2S environments (2U Square form factors). Operating at 2.4 GHz with a {{intel|turbo boost}} frequency of 3.6 GHz for a single a ...10 10:49:26-0500|chip_count=2|core_count=44|copies_count=88|vendor=Fujitsu|system=PRIMERGY RX2560 M2, Intel Xeon E5-2699A v4, 2.40GHz|SPECrate2017_fp_base=14

...s designed for segment-optimized 2S environments (1U Square form factors). Operating at 2.2 GHz with a {{intel|turbo boost}} frequency of 3.6 GHz for a single a ...-0500|chip_count=2|core_count=40|copies_count=80|vendor=Inspur Corporation|system=Inspur NF5280M4 (Intel Xeon E5-2698 v4)|SPECrate2017_int_base=143|SPECrate2

...s designed for segment-optimized 2S environments (2U Square form factors). Operating at 2.2 GHz with a {{intel|turbo boost}} frequency of 3.6 GHz for a single a ...-10-16 23:43:00-0400|chip_count=2|core_count=44|thread_count=44|vendor=HPE|system=ProLiant ML350 Gen9 (2.20 GHz, Intel Xeon E5-2699 v4)|SPECspeed2017_fp_base

...rver MPU is designed for advanced 2S environments (1U square form factor). Operating at 2.2 GHz with a {{intel|turbo boost}} frequency of 2.9 GHz for a single a ...-0400|chip_count=2|core_count=24|copies_count=48|vendor=Inspur Corporation|system=Inspur NF5170M4 (Intel Xeon E5-2650 v4)|SPECrate2017_int_base=105|SPECrate2

...rver MPU is designed for standard 2S environments (1U square form factor). Operating at 2.1 GHz with a {{intel|turbo boost}} frequency of 3 GHz for a single act ...-02-28 06:34:33-0500|chip_count=2|core_count=16|copies_count=32|vendor=H3C|system=H3C R4900 G2 (Intel Xeon E5-2620 v4, 2.10 GHz)|SPECrate2017_fp_base=76|SPEC

...400 ECC memory and incorporates Intel's {{intel|HD Graphics P630}} [[IGP]] operating at 350 MHz with a burst frequency of 1.15 GHz. ...0-22 08:02:53-0400|chip_count=1|core_count=4|copies_count=4|vendor=Fujitsu|system=PRIMERGY TX1330 M3, Intel Xeon E3-1225 v6, 3.3 GHz|SPECrate2017_int_base=21

...760MP}} supports one- and two-way setups and Double Data Rate (DDR) memory operating at 133 MHz. At the time, AMD's vice president for their servers group state ...] and a 128 KiB [[L1$]]. As with all [[Socket A]] processors ({{decc|EV6}} system bus), Athlon MP operate on a 133 MHz FSB DDR (double data rate) yielding an

...market. This particular model, which operated at 1.2 GHz, had a lower FSB operating at 100 MHz (for an effective transfer rate of 200 MT/s) and operated at hig ...rations for Dual AMD Athlon MP Processors in Tower and 1U Form Factors.pdf|System Considerations for Dual AMD Athlon MP Processors in Tower and 1U Form Facto

| type = System on chips '''Helio''' is a family of {{arch|64}} multi-core [[ARM]] [[system on chip]]s developed by [[MediaTek]] and launched in [[2015]]. Helio was Me

...3-1866 memory. This chip incorporates the {{imgtec|PowerVR G6200}} [[IGP]] operating at 700 MHz. This SoC has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) ca

...l LPDDR3-1866. This chip incorporates the {{imgtec|PowerVR G6200}} [[IGP]] operating at 550 MHz. This SoC has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) cat

...l LPDDR3-1866. This chip incorporates the {{imgtec|PowerVR G6200}} [[IGP]] operating at 700 MHz. This SoC has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) cat

...3-1866 memory. This SoC also incorporates a {{armh|Mali-T800 MP4}} [[IGP]] operating at 780 MHz. The chip has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) cat

...3-1866 memory. This SoC also incorporates a {{armh|Mali-T800 MP4}} [[IGP]] operating at 780 MHz. The chip has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) cat

...X-3200 memory. This SoC also incorporates a {{armh|Mali-T880 MP4}} [[IGP]] operating at 850 MHz. The chip has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) cat

...3-1600 memory. This SoC also incorporates a {{armh|Mali-T800 MP4}} [[IGP]] operating at 780 MHz. The chip has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) cat

...3-1600 memory. This SoC also incorporates a {{armh|Mali-T800 MP4}} [[IGP]] operating at 780 MHz. The chip has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) cat

...emory. This SoC also incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR GT7400 Plus}} [[IGP]] operating at 800 MHz. The chip has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) cat

...PDDR3-1866 memory. This chip incorporates the {{imgtec|Mali-T860}} [[IGP]] operating at 700 MHz. This SoC has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) ca ...ch linked together via a {{armh|CCI-400}}. The two clusters have a maximum operating frequency of 2 GHz and 1.2 GHz respectively.

...PDDR3-1866 memory. This chip incorporates the {{imgtec|Mali-T880}} [[IGP]] operating at 650 MHz. This SoC has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) ca ...ch linked together via a {{armh|CCI-400}}. The two clusters have a maximum operating frequency of 1.8 GHz and 1.2 GHz respectively.

...PDDR3-1866 memory. This chip incorporates the {{imgtec|Mali-T880}} [[IGP]] operating at 800 MHz. This SoC has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) ca ...ch linked together via a {{armh|CCI-400}}. The two clusters have a maximum operating frequency of 2.2 GHz and 1.2 GHz respectively.

...DDR4X-3200 memory. This chip incorporates the {{imgtec|Mali-T880}} [[IGP]] operating at 900 MHz. This SoC has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) ca

...DDR4X-3200 memory. This chip incorporates the {{imgtec|Mali-T880}} [[IGP]] operating at 1 GHz. This SoC has a modem supporting [[LTE]] User Equipment (UE) categ

| type = System on chips ..., and [[RegEx]]. Additionally, these models support a faster [[PCI-X]] bus operating up to 100 MHz, gigabit Ethernet ([[GMII]]), and up to DDR2-667 ECC memory.

...her components, there are multiple C-states depending on which part of the system is talked about. In practice there are usually 3 general C-states: * '''OS C-state''' - a set of logical idle states provided by the [[operating system]] to the [[application software]]. Those states are logical c-state and may

...me of the core architecture ressmbles Qualcomm's mobile cores, the overall system architecture is considerably different to anything Qualcomm has previously ** 1 V nominal operating voltage

...corn's [[BBC Micro]] microcomputers. ARM1 was distributed as an evaluation system and was never commercialized. ...ginal [[IBM]] {{ibm|PC AT}} or that of the [[Motorola]] {{motorola|68020}} operating at 16.67 MHz.

...torola {{motorola|68000}}, a much more powerful {{arch|16}} microprocessor operating at 5 MHz. The Lisa included many other cutting edge features such as a wind [[File:Acorn-ARM-Evaluation-System.jpg|left|thumb|[[ARM1]] Evaluation System board. The microprocessor in the center is the {{vti|VC2588}}.]]

...h}} core operating at 1 GHz along with a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX540}} [[IGP]] operating at 200 MHz. This SoC supports up to LPDDR2-400 dual-channel memory.

...T860}} MP4 [[IGP]]. The S1 is Xiaomi's first generation in-house developed system-on-chip.

...ing at up to 2.7 GHz with another four low-power {{armh|Cortex-A53}} cores operating at 2 GHz. This processor is fabricated on TSMC's [[10 nm process]] and inco

...son-2H also incorporates a low-power [[Vivante]] {{vivante|GC800}} [[IGP]] operating at 400 MHz. This chip has integrated [[HyperTransport]] 1.03 operating at 200, 400, or 800 MHz.

...onally, the Z605 incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX 535|GMA 600}} [[IGP]] operating at 400 MHz. ...h is used as a unidirectional display data link is a quad-pumped 6-bit bus operating 200 MHz for a 800 MT/s effective rate. This model uses a [[GTL|AGTL+]] sign

...onally, the Z600 incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX 535|GMA 600}} [[IGP]] operating at 200 MHz. ...h is used as a unidirectional display data link is a quad-pumped 6-bit bus operating 100 MHz for a 400 MT/s effective rate. This model uses CMOS signaling for b

...onally, the Z650 incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX 535|GMA 600}} [[IGP]] operating at 400 MHz. ...h is used as a unidirectional display data link is a quad-pumped 6-bit bus operating 200 MHz for a 800 MT/s effective rate. This model uses a [[GTL|AGTL+]] sign

...onally, the Z670 incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX 535|GMA 600}} [[IGP]] operating at 400 MHz. ...h is used as a unidirectional display data link is a quad-pumped 6-bit bus operating 200 MHz for a 800 MT/s effective rate. This model uses a [[GTL|AGTL+]] sign

...onally, the Z610 incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX 535|GMA 600}} [[IGP]] operating at 400 MHz. ...h is used as a unidirectional display data link is a quad-pumped 6-bit bus operating 100 MHz for a 400 MT/s effective rate. This model uses CMOS signaling for b

...onally, the Z612 incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX 535|GMA 600}} [[IGP]] operating at 400 MHz. ...h is used as a unidirectional display data link is a quad-pumped 6-bit bus operating 100 MHz for a 400 MT/s effective rate. This model uses CMOS signaling for b

...onally, the Z615 incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX 535|GMA 600}} [[IGP]] operating at 400 MHz. ...h is used as a unidirectional display data link is a quad-pumped 6-bit bus operating 200 MHz for a 800 MT/s effective rate. This model uses a [[GTL|AGTL+]] sign

...onally, the Z620 incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX 535|GMA 600}} [[IGP]] operating at 400 MHz. ...h is used as a unidirectional display data link is a quad-pumped 6-bit bus operating 100 MHz for a 400 MT/s effective rate. This model uses CMOS signaling for b

...onally, the Z625 incorporates a {{imgtec|PowerVR SGX 535|GMA 600}} [[IGP]] operating at 400 MHz. ...h is used as a unidirectional display data link is a quad-pumped 6-bit bus operating 200 MHz for a 800 MT/s effective rate. This model uses a [[GTL|AGTL+]] sign

'''Infinity Fabric''' ('''IF''') is a proprietary system [[interconnect architecture]] that facilitates data and control transmissio ...omplementary plane that handles the transmission of the many miscellaneous system control signals - this includes things such as thermal and power management

...P of 91 W. The i7-6700K incorporates the {{intel|HD Graphics 530}} [[IGP]] operating at 350 MHz and a turbo frequency of 1.15 GHz. This chip supports up to 64 G ...:40-0500|chip_count=1|core_count=4|copies_count=8|vendor=Intel Corporation|system=ASUS Z170M-PLUS Motherboard (Intel Core i7-6700K)|SPECrate2017_fp_base=24.6

...'''High Frequency mode''' ('''HFM''') and is the highest frequency-voltage operating point. Note that the HFM frequency is usually referred to by its advertised ...between the various P-States as needed and as dictated by the [[operating system]].

...has eight identical cores on a single integrated circuit, each capable of operating on equally heavy workloads simultaneously. Unlike Intel's, Samsung's eight-

...regulator (FIVR) on-die. Those chips also have an entirely new multi-core system architecture that brought a new {{intel|mesh interconnect}} network (from [ ...cture marks a significant departure from the previous decade of multi-core system architecture at Intel. Since {{\\|Westmere (server)|Westmere}} Intel has be

...l DDR4-2666 memory and incorporates Intel's {{intel|UHD Graphics 630}} IGP operating at 350 MHz with a burst frequency of 1.2 GHz. ...variant of this model, called '''Core i7+ i7-8700''' means it is part of a system equipped with Optane memory. Those models have part numbers BO80684I78700 a

...C DDR4-2666 memory and incorporates Intel's {{intel|UHD Graphics 630}} IGP operating at 350 MHz with a burst frequency of 1.05 GHz. ...variant of this model, called '''Core i5+ i5-8400''' means it is part of a system equipped with Optane memory. Those models have part numbers BOC80684I58400

...('''DNV''') is codename for [[Intel]]'s ultra-low power series of server [[system on chip|SoCs]] serving as a successor to {{\\|Avoton}}. Those chips are aim Denverton-based chips are a complete system on a chip designed for microserver application, network, storage and [[inte

...h integrated {{intel|QuickAssist Technology}} and support extended ambient operating temperature (-40 °C to 85 °C).

...h integrated {{intel|QuickAssist Technology}} and support extended ambient operating temperature (-40 °C to 85 °C).

...h integrated {{intel|QuickAssist Technology}} and support extended ambient operating temperature (-40 °C to 85 °C).

...h integrated {{intel|QuickAssist Technology}} and support extended ambient operating temperature (-40 °C to 85 °C).

...h four [[little cores]] operating at up to 1.65 GHz and four [[big cores]] operating at up to 2.3 GHz. The Helio P23 supports up to 6 GiB of dual-channel LPDDR4

...h four [[little cores]] operating at up to 1.65 GHz and four [[big cores]] operating at up to 2.3 GHz. The Helio P30 supports up to 6 GiB of dual-channel LPDDR4

'''A11 Bionic''' is a {{arch|64}} [[hexa-core]] [[ARM]] performance mobile [[system on a chip]] introduced by [[Apple]] in late [[2017]] as a successor to the ...eneration "performance controller", this restriction has been removed. The system can now use all six cores at once and is said to offer up to 70% performanc

...operating at 2.3 GHz and a custom {{amd|Arctic Islands|l=arch}}-based GPU operating at 1.172 GHz. Fabricated on [[TSMC]]'s [[16 nm process|16FF+]], this chip s ...8 GiB of quad-channel [[DDR3]] on-board operating at 2133 MT/s for a total system memory [[bandwidth]] of 63.58 GiB/s. That was fairly low by any standard; a

...orkload as fast as possible in order to go back to [[sleep]] or its lowest operating frequency. ...and Frequency Scaling]] (DVFS) techniques in order to reduce the [[P-State|operating voltage and frequency]] when the processing power is not needed thereby gre

...default because typical [[voltage droop|V_droop]] is part of the system specification. A modern computer system is never constant. To be more efficient and performant, the CPU {{intel|fre

...power rail that comes from the [[power supply unit]] into the much lower [[operating voltage]] of the [[integrated circuit]] (e.g. 0.8 V, 1 V, 1.2 V). VRMs are ...which is 12 [[volt|V]] before point ''A'' and convert it to the much lower operating voltage of the [[CPU]] or [[GPU]] at point ''B'' which is something like 1.

...ormance accelerators to China. The Matrix-2000 features 128 [[RISC]] cores operating at 1.2 GHz achieving 2.46 / 4.92 [[TFLOPS]] (DP/SP) with a peak power dissi ...|Knights Corner|l=arch}} parts they have replaced. While the original (KL) system was planned to exceed 110 [[PFLOPS]] using the Intel parts, the Matrix-2000

...otal of 1,024 [[physical core|cores]] and 8,192 [[logical cores|threads]]. Operating at 733 MHz, this chip was capable of 3 TFLOPS ([[single-precision]]) and 1. ...性能評価" (Performance evaluation of scientific applications on Suiren System)

...c logic necessary to execute [[machine learning]] algorithms, typically by operating on [[predictive models]] such as [[artificial neural network]]s (ANNs) or [ * [[SiMa.ai]]: Machine Learning System on chip (MLSoC)

...l DDR4-2666 memory and incorporates Intel's {{intel|UHD Graphics 630}} IGP operating at 350 MHz with a burst frequency of 1.10 GHz. ...variant of this model, called '''Core i5+ i5-8500''' means it is part of a system equipped with Optane memory. Those models have part numbers BO80684I58500 a

...codenamed Myst is a {{arch|64}} [[hexa-core]] [[ARM]] performance mobile [[system on a chip]] introduced by [[Apple]] in mid [[2017]] as a successor to the { ...10X features three [[big cores|big]] {{apple|Hurricane|l=arch}} cores <!-- operating at up to 2.38 GHz --> along with three [[little cores|little]] {{apple|Zeph

* System Architecture *** Hardware mitigations for {{cve|CVE-2018-3640}} (Rogue System Register Read (RSRE), Variant 3a)

...apable of running a full software stack including a full-fledged operating system. The core instructions are frozen and are guaranteed to never change. In ad ...to be able to get a full software stack including a full-fledged operating system and additional standard {{risc-v|extensions}} can be implemented when addit

...age the keys to transparently provide memory encryption support for legacy operating systems without any modifications. Note that operating systems can also take advantage of MKTME to provide support in native and v

...tack of [[HBM2]] (8Hi) on an [[interposer]] for a total capacity of 32 GiB operating at 2400 MT/s. ...em with multiple nodes is largely glueless due to the OAM standard. A full system and incorporate up to 1024 Spring Crest processors and behave like one sing

...el|Management Engine}} (ME), but is designed as an "open engine", allowing system designers to develop their own differentiating [[firmware]]. IE complements ...rs. That is, Intel only provides the hardware to operate IE but unless the system designers develop specific firmware for it, it does not do anything.

...breaks the basic memory isolation assumptions that's used by the operating system to manage the virtual memory of each process.

...omous peripherals are a set of I/Os that can be used while the rest of the system is in deep idle state. The microcontroller and the compute engines sit on t ...e and configurable along with the clock generator. It consists of a single system management core (also called a fabric controller by GreenWaves) for tasks s

...{{amd|Zen 3|l=arch}} microarchitecture. Those processors are a complete [[system on a chip]] with both the [[northbridge]] and [[southbridge]] on-chip. Mati ..."PRO" models and requires an ECC-capable motherboard, BIOS, and operating system. All motherboards should accept ECC DIMMs, this is not proof that error cor

...are synchronization primitives, however it does have a light communication system. ...gement [[LEON3]] [[SPARC]] core does not have access to this communication system.

* Tite, Teodor, et al. "moviOS: a Real-Time Multiprocessor Operating System for Multimedia Applications."

...f heat. This heat must consequently be removed from the die and out of the system in order to maintain operational temperature range. The ability to remove h ...itry]] will kick in and throttle the chip in order to restore it to a safe operating range.

*** operating at 4 GHz == System Overview ==

...res operating at 1.7 GHz along with two high-performance [[Kryo 360 Gold]] operating at 2.2 GHz. The Snapdragon 710 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 616}} [[GPU

...res operating at 1.8 GHz along with two high-performance [[Kryo 470 Gold]] operating at 2.2 GHz. The Snapdragon 730 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 618}} [[GPU

...ores operating at ? GHz along with four high-performance [[Kryo 385 Gold]] operating at 2.96 GHz. The Snapdragon 850 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 630}} [[GP

...-4''') is {{\\|Titan|Titan's}} successor, a 200-petaFLOP [[supercomputer]] operating by the [[DoE]] [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]]. Summit was officially unv ...riving in late [[2017]]. The full system arrived in early [[2018]] and the system was officially unveiled on June 8, 2018. Summit is estimated to have cost a

...parison) is significantly sped up, processes more than 32 bytes/cycle when operating on L1 data. ==== System DRAM ====

...operating at 1.8 GHz along with four high-performance [[Kryo 250 Silver]] operating at 1.8 GHz. The Snapdragon 632 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 506}} [[GPU

...ores operating at 1.45 GHz along with four high-performance [[Cortex-A53]] operating at 1.95 GHz. The Snapdragon 439 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 505}} [[GP

...ed on TSMC's [[12 nm process]], the 429 features four [[Cortex-A53]] cores operating at up to 1.95 GHz. The Snapdragon 429 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 504}

...]]'s [[12 nm process]], this SoC integrates four {{armh|Cortex-A53}} cores operating at up to GHz and supports up to 6 GiB of dual-channel LPDDR4X-3200 memory.

| type = System on chips ...company's custom-designed {{hisilicon|Taishan v110|l=arch}} ARMv 8.2 cores operating at up to 2.6 GHz. All models support up to eight channels of DDR4 memory an

...between the [[central processor]] and the various [[accelerators]] in the system through a cache-coherent extension to standard [[PCIe]]. ...al processing unit]] and the various other [[accelerators]] in the system. Operating over standard [[PCIe]], CCIX supports signaling rates between 16 GT/s and 2

...res operating at 1.7 GHz along with two high-performance [[Kryo 360 Gold]] operating at 2 GHz. The Snapdragon 670 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 615}} [[GPU]]

...-based supercomputer to exceed 1 [[petaFLOPS]] and the first [[ARM]]-based system to enter the [[TOP500]] list. ...ormance of 2.322 [[petaFLOPS]]. Each [[ThunderX2 CN9975]] has [[28 cores]] operating at 2 GHz. Astra has close around 700 [[terabytes]] of memory and uses a 3-l

...ental changes to the instruction set, including the introduction of 64-bit operating capabilities. ...called ''{{arm|AArch64}}'', and defined a relationship to the prior 32-bit operating state, referred to as ''{{arm|AArch32}}'' (covering the {{arm|A32}} and {{a

...Those processors had up to four memory channels and up to [[eight cores]] operating at up to 2.4 GHz. ...Those processors had up to four memory channels and up to [[eight cores]] operating at up to 2.4 GHz.

...primary configuration of the fabric to run without invoking the operating system.

...res operating at 1.7 GHz along with two high-performance [[Kryo 460 Gold]] operating at 2 GHz. The Snapdragon 675 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 612}} [[GPU]]

...H11G and codenamed Aruba, is a {{arch|64}} [[octa-core]] [[ARM]] mobile [[system on a chip]] introduced by [[Apple]] in late [[2018]] as a successor to the ...he A12X features four [[big cores|big]] {{apple|Vortex|l=arch}} cores <!-- operating at up to 2.4 GHz --> along with four [[little cores|little]] {{apple|Tempes

NPM defines the semantics for a [[persistent memory-aware file system]]. The model uses the same standard file semantics the industry has been us ...mory-aware file system]], although the API remains the same, the operating system is aware of the persistent memory device and allows for direct byte-level a

...ssable loads and stores when working with a [[persistent memory-aware file system]] through direct [[MMU]] mappings. ...) from the storage device into memory. Likewise, on a store, the operating system must write out the entire block back to the storage device.

* System DRAM: ...nstead. The card itself is designed to communicate with other cards on the system in order to scale up from just a single card for workstation use to a super

...es operating at 1.8 GHz along with four high-performance [[Kryo 495 Gold]] operating at 2.84 GHz. The Snapdragon 8cx integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 680}} [[GP

...perating at 2.42 GHz and another higher-performance [[Kryo 485 Gold]] core operating at 2.84 GHz. The Snapdragon 855 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 640}} [[GP

...Memory accesses that use incorrect tags will trap, allowing the operating system to choose the course of action. MTE uses a 4-bit tag for every 16 bytes of

...res operating at 1.7 GHz along with two high-performance [[Kryo 360 Gold]] operating at 2.3 GHz. The Snapdragon 712 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 616}} [[GPU

* System memory ...and lower power. Mars II features [[64 cores|64]] custom [[ARMv8.0]] cores operating at up to 2.3 GHz for a total of 588.8 [[GFLOPS]]. The SoC incorporates high

...ental changes to the instruction set, including the introduction of 64-bit operating capabilities. * Large System Extensions (LSE)

....2 GHz, a Mali G71 MP12 GPU operating 1 GHz, 2 [[neural processing units]] operating at 2 GHz, and various other hardware accelerators. The FSD supports up to 1 ...organized as three clusters of quad-core {{armh|Cortex-A72|l=arch}} cores operating at 2.2 GHz which are used for general purpose processing. There is also rel

** System DRAM ...struction per cycle or two single-precision vector instructions per cycle. Operating at 2 GHz, a 64-core chip will have a peak compute of 512 GigaFLOPS of [[dou

...s operating at 1.84 GHz along with four high-performance [[Kryo 260 Gold]] operating at 2.2 GHz. The Snapdragon 660 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 512}} [[GPU

...es operating at 1.8 GHz along with four high-performance [[Kryo 260 Gold]] operating at 2 GHz. The Snapdragon 660 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 610}} [[GPU]]

...rating at 1.7 GHz along with four high-performance [[Kryo 385 Gold]] cores operating at 2.8 GHz. The Snapdragon 845 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 630}} [[GPU

...perating at 2.42 GHz and another higher-performance [[Kryo 485 Gold]] core operating at 2.96 GHz. The Snapdragon 855 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 640}} [[GP

...teron operating at 2.8 GHz. There is 6 GB of memory per socket for a total system memory of 33.2 TiB. Rainier had a peak compute performance of 63.44 teraFLO The system relies on Cray SeaStar2 interconnect. There's one SeaStar2 chip for every t

...Bionic''' is a {{arch|64}} [[hexa-core]] [[ARM]] high-performance mobile [[system on a chip]] introduced by [[Apple]] in September [[2019]] as a successor to ...z and four [[little cores|little]] {{apple|Thunder}} high-efficiency cores operating at up to 1.80 GHz.

...line is an exception triggered, creating an opportunity for the operating system to contain the problem and kill only the affected process. The CLZERO instr * AMD64 Architecture Programmer’s Manual Volume 3: General-Purpose and System Instructions, revision 3.28

...res operating at 1.8 GHz along with two high-performance [[Kryo 470 Gold]] operating at 2.2 GHz. The Snapdragon 730G integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 618}} [[GP

...585 Gold]] operating at 2.42 GHz and another prime [[Kryo 585 Gold]] core operating at 2.84 GHz. The Snapdragon 865 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 650}} [[GP

...[[RISC-V]] {{ucberkeley|Rocket}} [[cores]] capable of running an operating system and managing the rest of the SoC. The second tier, the massively parallel t

...res operating at 1.8 GHz along with two high-performance [[Kryo 465 Gold]] operating at 2.3 GHz. The Snapdragon 720G integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 618}} [[GP

...es operating at 1.8 GHz along with four high-performance [[Kryo 260 Gold]] operating at 2 GHz. The Snapdragon 662 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 610}} [[GPU]]

...es operating at 1.8 GHz along with four high-performance [[Kryo 240 Gold]] operating at 1.8 GHz. The Snapdragon 460 integrates the {{qualcomm|Adreno 610}} [[GPU

...pute ahead of time. The compute engines are the workhorse component of the system. Each CE comprises two functional blocks, the MAC Compute Engine (MCE) and ...can support 16-bit for things such as pixel sizes bigger than 8-bit. When operating in 16-bit, they run at 1/4th the throughput. In other words, they can do 64

|16235||E||[https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/16235.pdf Am79C940]||2000-04-30|| |17306||B||[https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/17306.pdf Am79C981]||1999-01-01||

...Bionic''' is a {{arch|64}} [[hexa-core]] [[ARM]] high-performance mobile [[system on a chip]] introduced by [[Apple]] in September [[2020]] as a successor to ...z and four [[little cores|little]] high-efficiency cores called "Icestorm" operating at up to 1.80 GHz.

It supports the MIPS operating modes User Mode, Kernel Mode, and Debug Mode. The optional Supervisor Mode ...are stopped. In IDLE0 mode the data cache continues to snoop the internal System Bus to maintain data coherency. The {{abbr|GPR}}s and CP0 registers are pre