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== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
− | [[File:skylake | + | [[File:skylake server overview.svg|right|550px]] |
− | Skylake | + | The Skylake server architecture marks a significant departure from the previous decade of multi-core system architecture at Intel. Since {{\\|Westmere (server)|Westmere}} Intel has been using a {{intel|ring bus interconnect}} to interlink multiple cores together. As Intel continued to add more I/O, increase the memory bandwidth, and added more cores which increased the data traffic flow, that architecture started to show its weakness. With the introduction of the Skylake server architecture, the interconnect was entirely re-architected to a 2-dimensional {{intel|mesh interconnect}}. |
− | + | A superset model is shown on the right. Skylake-based servers are the first mainstream servers to make use of Intel's new {{intel|mesh interconnect}} architecture, an architecture that was previously explored, experimented with, and enhanced with Intel's {{intel|Phi}} [[many-core processors]]. In this configuration, the cores, caches, and the memory controllers are organized in rows and columns - each with dedicated connections going through each of the rows and columns allowing for a shortest path between any tile, reducing latency, and improving the bandwidth. Those processors are offered from [[4 cores]] up to [[28 cores]] with 8 to 56 threads. In addition to the system-level architectural changes, with Skylake, Intel now has a separate core architecture for those chips which incorporate a plethora of new technologies and features including support for the new {{x86|AVX-512}} instruction set extension. | |
− | Skylake processors are designed for scalability, supporting 2-way, 4-way, and 8-way multiprocessing through Intel's new {{intel|Ultra Path Interconnect}} (UPI) interconnect links, with two to three links being offered (see [[#Scalability|§ Scalability]]). High-end models have node controller support allowing higher way (e.g., 32-way multiprocessing). | + | All models incorporate 6 channels of DDR4 supporting up to 12 DIMMS for a total of 768 GiB (with extended models support 1.5 TiB). For I/O all models incorporate 48x (3x16) lanes of PCIe 3.0. There is an additional x4 lanes PCIe 3.0 reserved exclusively for DMI for the the {{intel|Lewisburg|l=chipset}} (LBG) chipset. For a selected number of models, specifically those with ''F'' suffix, they have an {{intel|Omni-Path}} Host Fabric Interface (HFI) on-package (see [[#Integrated_Omni-Path|Integrated Omni-Path]]). |
+ | |||
+ | Skylake processors are designed for scalability, supporting 2-way, 4-way, and 8-way multiprocessing through Intel's new {{intel|Ultra Path Interconnect}} (UPI) interconnect links, with two to three links being offered (see [[#Scalability|§ Scalability]]). High-end models have node controller support allowing for even higher way configuration (e.g., 32-way multiprocessing). | ||
== Core == | == Core == |
Revision as of 13:45, 7 March 2018
Edit Values | |
Skylake (server) µarch | |
General Info | |
Arch Type | CPU |
Designer | Intel |
Manufacturer | Intel |
Introduction | May 4, 2017 |
Process | 14 nm |
Core Configs | 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 |
Pipeline | |
Type | Superscalar |
OoOE | Yes |
Speculative | Yes |
Reg Renaming | Yes |
Stages | 14-19 |
Instructions | |
ISA | x86-64 |
Extensions | MOVBE, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, POPCNT, AVX, AVX2, AES, PCLMUL, FSGSBASE, RDRND, FMA3, F16C, BMI, BMI2, VT-x, VT-d, TXT, TSX, RDSEED, ADCX, PREFETCHW, CLFLUSHOPT, XSAVE, SGX, MPX, AVX-512 |
Cache | |
L1I Cache | 32 KiB/core 8-way set associative |
L1D Cache | 32 KiB/core 8-way set associative |
L2 Cache | 1 MiB/core 16-way set associative |
L3 Cache | 1.375 MiB/core 11-way set associative |
Cores | |
Core Names | Skylake X, Skylake W, Skylake SP |
Succession | |
Contemporary | |
Skylake (client) |
Skylake (SKL) Server Configuration is Intel's successor to Broadwell, an enhanced 14nm+ process microarchitecture for enthusiasts and servers. Skylake succeeded Broadwell. Skylake is the "Architecture" phase as part of Intel's PAO model. The microarchitecture was developed by Intel's R&D center in Haifa, Israel.
For desktop enthusiasts, Skylake is branded Core i7, and Core i9 processors (under the Core X series). For scalable server class processors, Intel branded it as Xeon Bronze, Xeon Silver, Xeon Gold, and Xeon Platinum.
There are a fair number of major differences in the Skylake server configuration vs the client configuration.
Contents
Codenames
- See also: Client Skylake's Codenames
Core | Abbrev | Target |
---|---|---|
Skylake SP | SKL-SP | Server Scalable Processors |
Skylake X | SKL-X | High-end desktops & enthusiasts market |
Skylake W | SKL-W | Enterprise/Business workstations |
Skylake DE | SKL-DE | Dense server/edge computing |
Brands
- See also: Client Skylake's Brands
Intel introduced a number of new server chip families with the introduction of Skylake SP as well as a new enthusiasts family with the introduction of Skylake X.
Logo | Family | General Description | Differentiating Features | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cores | HT | AVX | AVX2 | AVX-512 | TBT | ECC | |||
![]() |
Core i7 | Enthusiasts/High Performance (X) | 6 - 8 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ |
![]() |
Core i9 | Enthusiasts/High Performance | 10 - 18 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ |
Logo | Family | General Description | Differentiating Features | ||||||
Cores | HT | TBT | AVX-512 | AVX-512 Units | UPI links | Scalability | |||
![]() |
Xeon D | Dense servers / edge computing | 4-18 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 1 | ✘ | |
![]() |
Xeon W | Business workstations | 4-18 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 2 | ✘ | |
![]() |
Xeon Bronze | Entry-level performance / Cost-sensitive |
6 - 8 | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | 1 | 2 | Up to 2 |
![]() |
Xeon Silver | Mid-range performance / Efficient lower power |
4 - 12 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 1 | 2 | Up to 2 |
![]() |
Xeon Gold 5000 | High performance | 4 - 14 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 1 | 2 | Up to 4 |
Xeon Gold 6000 | Higher performance | 6 - 22 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 2 | 3 | Up to 4 | |
![]() |
Xeon Platinum | Highest performance / flexibility | 4 - 28 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 2 | 3 | Up to 8 |
Release Dates
Skylake-based Core X was introduced in May 2017 while Skylake SP was introduced in July 2017.
Process Technology
- Main article: Kaby Lake § Process Technology
Unlike mainstream Skylake models, all Skylake server configuration models are fabricated on Intel's enhanced 14+ nm process which is used by Kaby Lake.
Compatibility
Vendor | OS | Version | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Microsoft | Windows | Windows Server 2008 | Support |
Windows Server 2008 R2 | |||
Windows Server 2012 | |||
Windows Server 2012 R2 | |||
Windows Server 2016 | |||
Linux | Linux | Kernel 3.19 | Initial Support (MPX support) |
Apple | macOS | 10.12.3 | iMac Pro |
Compiler support
Compiler | Arch-Specific | Arch-Favorable |
---|---|---|
ICC | -march=skylake-avx512 |
-mtune=skylake-avx512
|
GCC | -march=skylake-avx512 |
-mtune=skylake-avx512
|
LLVM | -march=skylake-avx512 |
-mtune=skylake-avx512
|
Visual Studio | /arch:AVX2 |
/tune:skylake
|
CPUID
Core | Extended Family |
Family | Extended Model |
Model |
---|---|---|---|---|
X/SP | 0 | 0x6 | 0x5 | 0x5 |
Family 6 Model 85 |
Architecture
Skylake server configuration introduces a number of significant changes from both Intel's previous microarchitecture, Broadwell, as well as the Skylake (client) architecture. Unlike client models, Skylake servers and HEDT models will still incorporate the fully integrated voltage regulator (FIVR) on-die. Those chips also have an entirely new multi-core architecture along with a new mesh topology interconnect network (from ring topology).
Key changes from Broadwell
- Improved "14 nm+" process (see Kaby Lake § Process Technology)
- Omni-Path Architecture (OPA)
- Mesh architecture (from ring)
- Sub-NUMA Clustering (SNC) support (replaces the Cluster-on-Die (COD) implementation)
- Chipset
- Core
- Front End
- LSD is disabled (Likely due to a bug; see § Front-end for details)
- Larger legacy pipeline delivery (5 µOPs, up from 4)
- Another simple decoder has been added.
- Allocation Queue (IDQ)
- Larger delivery (6 µOPs, up from 4)
- 2.28x larger buffer (64/thread, up from 56)
- Partitioned for each active thread (from unified)
- Improved branch prediction unit
- reduced penalty for wrong direct jump target
- No specifics were disclosed
- µOP Cache
- instruction window is now 64 Bytes (from 32)
- 1.5x bandwidth (6 µOPs/cycle, up from 4)
- Execution Engine
- Larger re-order buffer (224 entries, up from 192)
- Larger scheduler (97 entries, up from 64)
- Larger Integer Register File (180 entries, up from 168)
- Back-end
- Port 4 now performs 512b stores (from 256b)
- Port 0 & Port 1 can now be fused to perform AVX-512
- Port 5 now can do full 512b operations (not on all models)
- Memory Subsystem
- Larger store buffer (56 entries, up from 42)
- Page split load penalty reduced 20-fold
- Larger Write-back buffer
- Store is now 64B/cycle (from 32B/cycle)
- Load is now 2x64B/cycle (from 2x32B/cycle)
- Front End
- Memory
- L2$
- Increased to 1 MiB/core (from 256 KiB/core)
- L3$
- Reduced to 1.375 MiB/core (from 2.5 MiB/core)
- Now non-inclusive (was inclusive)
- DRAM
- hex-channel DDR4-2666 (from quad-channel)
- L2$
- TLBs
- ITLB
- 4 KiB page translations was changed from 4-way to 8-way associative
- STLB
- 4 KiB + 2 MiB page translations was changed from 6-way to 12-way associative
- DMI/PEG are now on a discrete clock domain with BCLK sitting on its own domain with full-range granularity (1 MHz intervals)
- ITLB
- Testability
- New support for Direct Connect Interface (DCI), a new debugging transport protocol designed to allow debugging of closed cases (e.g. laptops, embedded) by accessing things such as JTAG through any USB 3 port.
CPU changes
- Most ALU operations have 4 op/cycle 1 for 8 and 32-bit registers. 64-bit ops are still limited to 3 op/cycle. (16-bit throughput varies per op, can be 4, 3.5 or 2 op/cycle).
- MOVSX and MOVZX have 4 op/cycle throughput for 16->32 and 32->64 forms, in addition to Haswell's 8->32, 8->64 and 16->64 bit forms.
- ADC and SBB have throughput of 1 op/cycle, same as Haswell.
- Vector moves have throughput of 4 op/cycle (move elimination).
- Not only zeroing vector vpXORxx and vpSUBxx ops, but also vPCMPxxx on the same register, have throughput of 4 op/cycle.
- Vector ALU ops are often "standardized" to latency of 4. for example, vADDPS and vMULPS used to have L of 3 and 5, now both are 4.
- Fused multiply-add ops have latency of 4 and throughput of 0.5 op/cycle.
- Throughput of vADDps, vSUBps, vCMPps, vMAXps, their scalar and double analogs is increased to 2 op/cycle.
- Throughput of vPSLxx and vPSRxx with immediate (i.e. fixed vector shifts) is increased to 2 op/cycle.
- Throughput of vANDps, vANDNps, vORps, vXORps, their scalar and double analogs, vPADDx, vPSUBx is increased to 3 op/cycle.
- vDIVPD, vSQRTPD have approximately twice as good throughput: from 8 to 4 and from 28 to 12 cycles/op.
- Throughput of some MMX ALU ops (such as PAND mm1, mm2) is decreased to 2 or 1 op/cycle (users are expected to use wider SSE/AVX registers instead).
New instructions
- See also: Client Skylake's New instructions
Skylake server introduced a number of new instructions:
-
SGX1
- Software Guard Extensions, Version 1 -
MPX
-Memory Protection Extensions -
XSAVEC
- Save processor extended states with compaction to memory -
XSAVES
- Save processor supervisor-mode extended states to memory. -
CLFLUSHOPT
- Flush & Invalidates memory operand and its associated cache line (All L1/L2/L3 etc..) -
AVX-512
, specifically: -
PKU
- Memory Protection Keys for Userspace -
PCOMMIT
- PCOMMIT instruction -
CLWB
- CLWB instruction
Block Diagram
Entire SoC Overview
Note that the LCC die is identical without the two bottom rows. The XCC (28-core) die has one additional row and two additional columns of cores. Otherwise the die is identical.
- CHA - Caching and Home Agent
- SF - Snooping Filter
Individual Core
Memory Hierarchy
Some major organizational changes were done to the cache hierarchy in Skylake server configuration vs Broadwell/Haswell. The memory hierarchy for Skylake's server and HEDT processors has been rebalanced. Note that the L3 is now non-inclusive and some of the SRAM from the L3 cache was moved into the private L2 cache.
- Cache
- L0 µOP cache:
- 1,536 µOPs/core, 8-way set associative
- 32 sets, 6-µOP line size
- statically divided between threads, inclusive with L1I
- 1,536 µOPs/core, 8-way set associative
- L1I Cache:
- 32 KiB/core, 8-way set associative
- 64 sets, 64 B line size
- competitively shared by the threads/core
- 32 KiB/core, 8-way set associative
- L1D Cache:
- 32 KiB/core, 8-way set associative
- 64 sets, 64 B line size
- competitively shared by threads/core
- 4 cycles for fastest load-to-use (simple pointer accesses)
- 5 cycles for complex addresses
- 128 B/cycle load bandwidth
- 64 B/cycle store bandwidth
- Write-back policy
- L2 Cache:
- 1 MiB/core, 16-way set associative
- 64 B line size
- Inclusive
- 64 B/cycle bandwidth to L1$
- Write-back policy
- 14 cycles latency
- L3 Cache:
- 1.375 MiB/core, 11-way set associative, shared across all cores
- Note that a few models have non-default cache sizes due to disabled cores
- 64 B line size
- Non-inclusive victim cache
- Write-back policy
- 50-70 cycles latency
- 1.375 MiB/core, 11-way set associative, shared across all cores
- L0 µOP cache:
Skylake TLB consists of dedicated L1 TLB for instruction cache (ITLB) and another one for data cache (DTLB). Additionally there is a unified L2 TLB (STLB).
- TLBs:
- ITLB
- 4 KiB page translations:
- 128 entries; 8-way set associative
- dynamic partitioning
- 2 MiB / 4 MiB page translations:
- 8 entries per thread; fully associative
- Duplicated for each thread
- 4 KiB page translations:
- DTLB
- 4 KiB page translations:
- 64 entries; 4-way set associative
- fixed partition
- 2 MiB / 4 MiB page translations:
- 32 entries; 4-way set associative
- fixed partition
- 1G page translations:
- 4 entries; fully associative
- fixed partition
- 4 KiB page translations:
- STLB
- 4 KiB + 2 MiB page translations:
- 1536 entries; 12-way set associative
- fixed partition
- 1 GiB page translations:
- 16 entries; 4-way set associative
- fixed partition
- 4 KiB + 2 MiB page translations:
- ITLB
Overview
The Skylake server architecture marks a significant departure from the previous decade of multi-core system architecture at Intel. Since Westmere Intel has been using a ring bus interconnect to interlink multiple cores together. As Intel continued to add more I/O, increase the memory bandwidth, and added more cores which increased the data traffic flow, that architecture started to show its weakness. With the introduction of the Skylake server architecture, the interconnect was entirely re-architected to a 2-dimensional mesh interconnect.
A superset model is shown on the right. Skylake-based servers are the first mainstream servers to make use of Intel's new mesh interconnect architecture, an architecture that was previously explored, experimented with, and enhanced with Intel's Phi many-core processors. In this configuration, the cores, caches, and the memory controllers are organized in rows and columns - each with dedicated connections going through each of the rows and columns allowing for a shortest path between any tile, reducing latency, and improving the bandwidth. Those processors are offered from 4 cores up to 28 cores with 8 to 56 threads. In addition to the system-level architectural changes, with Skylake, Intel now has a separate core architecture for those chips which incorporate a plethora of new technologies and features including support for the new AVX-512 instruction set extension.
All models incorporate 6 channels of DDR4 supporting up to 12 DIMMS for a total of 768 GiB (with extended models support 1.5 TiB). For I/O all models incorporate 48x (3x16) lanes of PCIe 3.0. There is an additional x4 lanes PCIe 3.0 reserved exclusively for DMI for the the Lewisburg (LBG) chipset. For a selected number of models, specifically those with F suffix, they have an Omni-Path Host Fabric Interface (HFI) on-package (see Integrated Omni-Path).
Skylake processors are designed for scalability, supporting 2-way, 4-way, and 8-way multiprocessing through Intel's new Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) interconnect links, with two to three links being offered (see § Scalability). High-end models have node controller support allowing for even higher way configuration (e.g., 32-way multiprocessing).
Core
Overview
Skylake shares most of the development vectors with its predecessor while introducing a one of new constraint. The overall goals were:
- Performance improvements - the traditional way of milking more performance by increasing the instructions per cycle as well as clock frequency.
- Power efficiency - reduction of power for all functional blocks
- Security enhancements - new security features are implemented in hardware in the core
- Configurability
Configurability
Intel has been experiencing a growing divergence in functionality over the last number of iterations of their microarchitecture between their mainstream consumer products and their high-end HPC/server models. Traditionally, Intel has been using the same exact core design for everything from their lowest end value models (e.g. Celeron) all the way up to the highest-performance enterprise models (e.g. Xeon E7). While the two have fundamentally different chip architectures, they use the same exact CPU core architecture as the building block.
This design philosophy has changed with Skylake. In order to better accommodate the different functionalities of each segment without sacrificing features or making unnecessary compromises Intel went with a configurable core. The Skylake core is a single development project, making up a master superset core. The project result in two derivatives: one for servers (the substance of this article) and one for clients. All mainstream models (from Celeron/Pentium all the way up to Core i7/Xeon E3) use the client core configuration. Server models (e.g. Xeon Gold/Xeon Platinum) are using the new server configuration instead.
The server core is considerably larger than the client one, featuring Advanced Vector Extensions 512 (AVX-512). Skylake servers support what was formerly called AVX3.2 (AVX512F + AVX512CD + AVX512BW + AVX512DQ + AVX512VL). Additionally, those processors Memory Protection Keys for Userspace (PKU), PCOMMIT, and CLWB.
Pipeline
The Skylake core focuses on extracting performance and reducing power through a number of key ways. Intel builds Skylake on previous microarchitectures, descendants of Sandy Bridge. For the core to increase the overall performance, Intel focused on extracting additional parallelism.
Front-end
For the most part, with the exception of the LSD, the front-end of the Skylake server core is identical to the client configuration. For in-depth detail of the Skylake front-end see Skylake (client) § Front-end.
The only major difference in the front-end from the client core configuration is the LSD. The Loop Stream Detector (LSD) has been disabled. While the exact reason is not known, it might be related to a severe issue that was experienced by the OCaml Development Team. The issue was patched via microcode on the client platform, however this change might indicate it was possibly disabled on there as well. The exact implications of this are unknown.
Execution engine
The Skylake server configuration core back-end is identical to the client configuration up to the scheduler. For in-depth detail of the Skylake back-end up to that point, see Skylake (client) § Execution engine.
Scheduler & 512-SIMD addition
The scheduler itself was increased by 50%; with up to 97 entries (from 64 in Broadwell) being competitively shared between the two threads. Skylake continues with a unified design; this is in contrast to designs such as AMD's Zen which uses a split design each one holding different types of µOPs. Scheduler includes the two register files for integers and vectors. It's in those register files that output operand data is store. In Skylake, the integer register file was also slightly increased from 160 entries to 180.
This is the first implementation to incorporate AVX-512, a 512-bit SIMD x86 instruction set extension. Intel introduced AVX-512 in two different ways:
In the simple implementation, the variants used in the entry-level and mid-range Xeon servers, AVX-512 fuses Port 0 and Port 1 to form a 512-bit unit. Since those two ports are 256-wide, an AVX-512 option that is dispatched by the scheduler to port 0 will execute on both ports. Note that unrelated operations can still execute in parallel. For example, an AVX-512 operation and an Int ALU operation may execute in parallel - the AVX-512 is dispatched on port 0 and use the AVX unit on port 1 as well and the Int ALU operation will execute independently in parallel on port 1.
In the high-end and highest performance Xeons, Intel added a second dedicated AVX-512 unit in addition to the fused Port0-1 operations described above. The dedicated unit is situated on Port 5.
Physically, Intel added 768 KiB L2 cache and the second AVX-512 VPU externally to the core.
Scheduler Ports & Execution Units
Scheduler Ports Designation | ||
---|---|---|
Port 0 | Integer/Vector Arithmetic, Multiplication, Logic, Shift, and String ops | 512-bit Vect ALU/Shift/Mul/FMA |
FP Add, Multiply, FMA | ||
Integer/FP Division and Square Root | ||
AES Encryption | ||
Branch2 | ||
Port 1 | Integer/Vector Arithmetic, Multiplication, Logic, Shift, and Bit Scanning | |
FP Add, Multiply, FMA | ||
Port 5 | Integer/Vector Arithmetic, Logic | 512-bit Vect ALU/Shift/Mul/FMA |
Vector Permute | ||
x87 FP Add, Composite Int, CLMUL | ||
Port 6 | Integer Arithmetic, Logic, Shift | |
Branch | ||
Port 2 | Load, AGU | |
Port 3 | Load, AGU | |
Port 4 | Store, AGU | |
Port 7 | AGU |
Execution Units | ||
---|---|---|
Execution Unit | # of Units | Instructions |
ALU | 4 | add, and, cmp, or, test, xor, movzx, movsx, mov, (v)movdqu, (v)movdqa, (v)movap*, (v)movup* |
DIV | 1 | divp*, divs*, vdiv*, sqrt*, vsqrt*, rcp*, vrcp*, rsqrt*, idiv |
Shift | 2 | sal, shl, rol, adc, sarx, adcx, adox, etc... |
Shuffle | 1 | (v)shufp*, vperm*, (v)pack*, (v)unpck*, (v)punpck*, (v)pshuf*, (v)pslldq, (v)alignr, (v)pmovzx*, vbroadcast*, (v)pslldq, (v)psrldq, (v)pblendw |
Slow Int | 1 | mul, imul, bsr, rcl, shld, mulx, pdep, etc... |
Bit Manipulation | 2 | andn, bextr, blsi, blsmsk, bzhi, etc |
FP Mov | 1 | (v)movsd/ss, (v)movd gpr |
SIMD Misc | 1 | STTNI, (v)pclmulqdq, (v)psadw, vector shift count in xmm |
Vec ALU | 3 | (v)pand, (v)por, (v)pxor, (v)movq, (v)movq, (v)movap*, (v)movup*, (v)andp*, (v)orp*, (v)paddb/w/d/q, (v)blendv*, (v)blendp*, (v)pblendd |
Vec Shift | 2 | (v)psllv*, (v)psrlv*, vector shift count in imm8 |
Vec Add | 2 | (v)addp*, (v)cmpp*, (v)max*, (v)min*, (v)padds*, (v)paddus*, (v)psign, (v)pabs, (v)pavgb, (v)pcmpeq*, (v)pmax, (v)cvtps2dq, (v)cvtdq2ps, (v)cvtsd2si, (v)cvtss2si |
Vec Mul | 2 | (v)mul*, (v)pmul*, (v)pmadd* |
This table was taken verbatim from the Intel manual. Execution unit mapping to MMX instructions are not included. |
Memory subsystem
Skylake's memory subsystem is in charge of the loads and store requests and ordering. Since Haswell, it's possible to sustain two memory reads (on ports 2 and 3) and one memory write (on port 4) each cycle. Each memory operation can be of any register size up to 512 bits. Skylake memory subsystem has been improved. The store buffer has been increased by 42 entries from Broadwell to 56 for a total of 128 simultaneous memory operations in-flight or roughly 60% of all µOPs. Special care was taken to reduce the penalty for page-split loads; previously scenarios involving page-split loads were thought to be rarer than they actually are. This was addressed in Skylake with page-split loads are now made equal to other splits loads. Expect page split load penalty down to 5 cycles from 100 cycles in Broadwell. The average latency to forward a load to store has also been improved and stores that miss in the L1$ generate L2$ requests to the next level cache much earlier in Skylake than before.
The L2 to L1 bandwidth in Skylake is the same as Haswell at 64 bytes per cycle in either direction. Note that one operation can be done each cycle; i.e., the L1 can either receive data from the L1 or send data to the Load/Store buffers each cycle, but not both. Latency from L2$ to L3$ has also been increased from 4 cycles/line to 2 cycles/line.
The medium level cache (MLC) and last level cache (LLC) was rebalanced. Traditionally, Intel had a 256 KiB L2 cache which was duplicated along with the L1s over in the LLC which was 2.5 MiB. That is, prior to Skylake, the 256 KiB L2 cache actually took up 512 KiB of space for a total of 2.25 mebibytes effective cache per core. In Skylake Intel doubled the L2 and quadrupled the effective capacity to 1 MiB while decreasing the LLC to 1.375 MiB. The LLC is also now made non-inclusive, i.e., the L2 may or may not be in the L3 (no guarantee is made); what stored where will depend on the particular access pattern of the executing application, the size of code and data accessed, and the inter-core sharing behavior. Having an inclusive L3 makes cache coherence considerably easier to implement. Snooping only requires checking the L3 cache tags to know if the data is on board and in which core. It also makes passing data around a bit more efficient. It's currently unknown what mechanism is being used to reduce snooping. In the past, Intel has discussed a couple of additional options they were researching such as NCID (non-inclusive cache, inclusive directory architecture). It's possible that a NCID is being used in Skylake or a related derivative. These changes also mean that software optimized for data placing in the various caches needs to be revised for the new changes, particularly in situations where data is not shared, the overall capacity can be treated as L2+L3 for a total of 2.375 MiB.
New Technologies
Software Guard Extension (SGX)
- Main article: Intel's Software Guard Extension
Software Guard Extension (SGX) is a new inter-software guard x86 extension that allows software in user-level mode to create isolated secure environments called "enclaves" for storing data or code. Data and code stored in enclaves are protected from external processes including code executing with higher privileges including the operating system or a hypervisor (including all forms of debugging).
Memory Protection Extension (MPX)
- Main article: Intel's Memory Protection Extension
Memory Protection Extension (MPX) is a new x86 extension that offers a hardware-level bound checking implementation. This extension allows an application to define memory boundaries for allocated memory areas. The processors can then check all proceeding memory accesses against those boundaries to ensure accesses are not out of bound. A program accessing a boundary-marked buffer out of buffer will generate an exception.
Key Protection Technology (KPT)
Key Protection Technology (KPT) is designed to help secure sensitive private keys in hardware at runtime. KPT augments QuickAssist Technology (QAT) hardware crypto accelerators with run-time storage of private keys using Intel's existing Platform Trust Technology (PTT), thereby allowing high throughput hardware security acceleration. The QAT accelerators are all integrated onto Intel's new Lewisburg chipset along with the Converged Security Manageability Engine (CSME) which implements Intel's PTT. The CSME is linked through a private hardware link that is invisible to x86 software and simple hardware probes.
Memory Protection Keys for Userspace (PKU)
Memory Protection Keys for Userspace (PKU also PKEYs) is an extension that provides a mechanism for enforcing page-based protections - all without requiring modification of the page tables when an application changes protection domains. PKU introduces 16 keys by re-purposing the 4 ignored bits from the page table entry.
Mode-Based Execute (MBE) Control
Mode-Based Execute (MBE) is an enhancement to the Extended Page Tables (EPT) that provides finer level of control of execute permissions. With MBE the previous Execute Enable (X) bit is turned into Excuse Userspace page (XU) and Execute Supervisor page (XS). The processor selects the mode based on the guest page permission. With proper software support, hypervisors can take advantage of this as well to ensure integrity of kernel-level code.
Mesh Architecture
On the previous number of generations, Intel has been adding cores onto the die and connecting them via a ring architecture. This was sufficient until recently. With each generation, the added cores increased the access latency while lowering the available bandwidth per core. Intel mitigated this problem by splitting up the die into two halves each on its own ring. This reduced hopping distance and added additional bandwidth but it did not solve the growing fundamental inefficiencies of the ring architecture.
This was completely addressed with the new mesh architecture that is implemented in the Skylake server processors. The mesh is arranged as a matrix of vertical and horizontal communication paths which allow communication to take the shortest path to the correct node. The new mesh architecture implements a modular design for the routing resources in order to remove the various bottlenecks. That is, the mesh architecture now integrates the caching agent, the home agent, and the IO subsystem on the mesh interconnect distributed across all the cores. Each core now has its own associated LLC slice as well as the snooping filter and the Caching and Home Agent (CHA). Additional nodes such as the two memory controllers, the Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) nodes and PCIe are not independent node on the mesh as well and they now behave identically to any other node/core in the network. This means that in addition to the performance increase expected from core-to-core and core-to-memory latency, there should be substantial increase in I/O performance. The CHA which is found on each of the LLC slices now maps addresses being accessed to the specific LLC bank, memory controller, or I/O subsystem. This provides the necessary information required for the routing to take place.
Cache Coherency
Given the new mesh architecture, new tradeoffs were involved. The new UPI inter-socket links are a valuable resource that could bottlenecked when flooded with unnecessary cross-socket snoop requests. There's also considerably higher memory bandwidth with Skylake which can impact performance. As a compromise, the previous four snoop modes (no-snoop, early snoop, home snoop, and directory) have been reduced to just directory-base coherency. This also alleviates the implementation complexity (which is already complex enough in itself).
It should be pointed out that the directory-base coherency optimizations that were done in previous generations have been furthered improved with Skylake - particularly OSB, HitME cache, IO directory cache. Skylake maintained support for Opportunistic Snoop Broadcast (OSB) which allows the network to opportunistically make use of the UPI links when idle or lightly loaded thereby avoiding an expensive memory directory lookup. With the mesh network and distributed CHAs, HitME is now distributed and scales with the CHAs, enhancing the speeding up of cache-to-cache transfers (Those are your migratory cache lines that frequently get transferred between nodes). Specifically for I/O operations, the I/O directory cache (IODC), which was introduced with Haswell, improves stream throughput by eliminating directory reads for InvItoE from snoopy caching agent. Previously this was implemented as a 64-entry directory cache to complement the directory in memory. In Skylake, with a distributed CHA at each node, the IODC is implemented as an eight-entry directory cache per CHA.
Sub-NUMA Clustering
In previous generations Intel had a feature called cluster-on-die (COD) which was introduced with Haswell. With Skylake, there's a similar feature called sub-NUMA cluster (SNC). With a memory controller physically located on each side of the die, SNC allows for the creation of two localized domains with each memory controller belonging to each domain. The processor can then map the addresses from the controller to the distributed home ages and LLC in its domain. This allows executing code to experience lower LLC and memory latency within its domain compared to accesses outside of the domain.
It should be pointed out that in contrast to COD, SNC has a unique location for every adddress in the LCC and is never duplicated across LLC banks (previously, COD cache lines could have copies). Additionally, on multiprocessor system, address mapped to memory on remote sockets are still uniformally distributed across all LLC banks irrespective of the localized SNC domain.
Scalability
- See also: QuickPath Interconnect and Ultra Path Interconnect
In the last couple of generations, Intel has been utilizing QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) which served as a high-speed point-to-point interconnect. QPI has been replaced by the Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) which is higher-efficiency coherent interconnect for scalable systems, allowing multiple processors to share a single shared address space. Depending on the exact model, each processor can have either either two or three UPI links connecting to the other processors.
UPI links eliminate some of the scalability limitations that surfaced in QPI over the past few microarchitecture iterations. They use directory-based home snoop coherency protocol and operate at up either 10.4 GT/s or 9.6 GT/s. This is quite a bit different form previous generations. In addition to the various improvements done to the protocol layer, Skylake SP now implements a distributed CHA that is situated along with the LLC bank on each core. It's in charge of tracking the various requests form the core as well as responding to snoop requests from both local and remote agents. The ease of distributing the home agent is a result of Intel getting rid of the requirement on preallocation of resources at the home agent. This also means that future architectures should be able to scale up well.
Depending on the exact model, Skylake processors can scale from 2-way all the way up to 8-way multiprocessing. Note that the high-end models that support 8-way multiprocessing also only come with three UPI links for this purpose while the lower end processors can have either two or three UPI links. Below are the typical configurations for those processors.
Integrated Omni-Path
- See also: Intel's Omni-Path
A number of Skylake SP models (specifically those with the "F" suffix) incorporate the Omni-Path Host Fabric Interface (HFI) on-package. This was previously done with the Knights Landing ("F" suffixed) models. This, in addition to improving cost and power efficiencies, also eliminates the dependency on the x16 PCIe lanes on the motherboard. With the HFI on package, the chip can be plugged in directly to the IFT (Internal Faceplate Transition) carrier via a separate IFP (Internal Faceplate-to-Processor) 1-port cable (effectively a Twinax cable).
Regardless of the model, the integrated fabric die has a TDP of 8 Watts (note that this value is already included in the model's TDP value).
Sockets/Platform
Both Skylake X and PS are a two-chip solution linked together via Intel's standard DMI 3.0 bus interface which utilizes 4 PCIe 3.0 lanes (having a transfer rate of 8 GT/s per lane). Skylake SP has additional SMP capabilities which utilizes either 2 or 3 (depending on the model) Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) links.
Core | Socket | Permanent | Platform | Chipset | Chipset Bus | SMP Interconnect | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Skylake X | LGA-2066 | No | 2-chip | Lewisburg | DMI 3.0 | ✘ |
Skylake SP | LGA-3647 | 2-chip + 2-8-way SMP | UPI |
Packages
Core | Die Type | Package | Dimensions |
---|---|---|---|
Skylake SP | LCC | FCLGA-3647 | 76.16 mm x 56.6 mm |
HCC | |||
XCC | |||
Skylake X | LCC | FCLGA-2066 | 58.5 mm x 51 mm |
HCC |
Die
- See also: Client Skylake's Die
Skylake Server class models and high-end desktop (HEDT) consist of 3 different dies: Low Core Count (LCC), High Core Count (HCC), and Extreme Core Count (XCC).
Low Core Count (LCC)
- 14 nm process
- ? metal layers
- ~22.26 mm x ~14.62 mm
- ~325.44 mm² die size
- 10 cores
High Core Count (HCC)
Die shot of the octadeca core HEDT Skylake X processors.
- 14 nm process
- ? metal layers
- ~485 mm² die size
- 18 cores
Extreme Core Count (XCC)
- 14 nm process
- ? metal layers
- ~694 mm² die size
- 28 cores
All Skylake Chips
List of Skylake Processors | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main processor | Frequency/Turbo | Mem | Major Feature Diff | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Model | Launched | Price | Family | Core Name | Cores | Threads | L2$ | L3$ | TDP | Frequency | Max Turbo | Max Mem | Turbo | SMT | |||||||||||
Uniprocessors | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
i7-7800X | 26 June 2017 | $ 389.00 € 350.10 £ 315.09 ¥ 40,195.37 | Core i7 | Skylake X | 6 | 12 | 6 MiB 6,144 KiB 6,291,456 B 0.00586 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 3.5 GHz 3,500 MHz 3,500,000 kHz | 4 GHz 4,000 MHz 4,000,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i7-7820X | 26 June 2017 | $ 599.00 € 539.10 £ 485.19 ¥ 61,894.67 | Core i7 | Skylake X | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 3.6 GHz 3,600 MHz 3,600,000 kHz | 4.3 GHz 4,300 MHz 4,300,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i7-9800X | November 2018 | $ 589.00 € 530.10 £ 477.09 ¥ 60,861.37 | Core i7 | Skylake X Refresh | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 3.8 GHz 3,800 MHz 3,800,000 kHz | 4.4 GHz 4,400 MHz 4,400,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-7900X | 26 June 2017 | $ 999.00 € 899.10 £ 809.19 ¥ 103,226.67 | Core i9 | Skylake X | 10 | 20 | 10 MiB 10,240 KiB 10,485,760 B 0.00977 GiB | 13.75 MiB 14,080 KiB 14,417,920 B 0.0134 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 3.3 GHz 3,300 MHz 3,300,000 kHz | 4.3 GHz 4,300 MHz 4,300,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-7920X | 28 August 2017 | $ 1,199.00 € 1,079.10 £ 971.19 ¥ 123,892.67 | Core i9 | Skylake X | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 2.9 GHz 2,900 MHz 2,900,000 kHz | 4.3 GHz 4,300 MHz 4,300,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-7940X | 25 September 2017 | $ 1,399.00 € 1,259.10 £ 1,133.19 ¥ 144,558.67 | Core i9 | Skylake X | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 3.1 GHz 3,100 MHz 3,100,000 kHz | 4.3 GHz 4,300 MHz 4,300,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-7960X | 25 September 2017 | $ 1,699.00 € 1,529.10 £ 1,376.19 ¥ 175,557.67 | Core i9 | Skylake X | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 2.8 GHz 2,800 MHz 2,800,000 kHz | 4.2 GHz 4,200 MHz 4,200,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-7980XE | 25 September 2017 | $ 1,999.00 € 1,799.10 £ 1,619.19 ¥ 206,556.67 | Core i9 | Skylake X | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz | 4.2 GHz 4,200 MHz 4,200,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-9820X | November 2018 | $ 898.00 € 808.20 £ 727.38 ¥ 92,790.34 | Core i9 | Skylake X Refresh | 10 | 20 | 10 MiB 10,240 KiB 10,485,760 B 0.00977 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 3.3 GHz 3,300 MHz 3,300,000 kHz | 4.1 GHz 4,100 MHz 4,100,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-9900X | November 2018 | $ 989.00 € 890.10 £ 801.09 ¥ 102,193.37 | Core i9 | Skylake X Refresh | 10 | 20 | 10 MiB 10,240 KiB 10,485,760 B 0.00977 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 3.5 GHz 3,500 MHz 3,500,000 kHz | 4.4 GHz 4,400 MHz 4,400,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-9920X | November 2018 | $ 1,189.00 € 1,070.10 £ 963.09 ¥ 122,859.37 | Core i9 | Skylake X Refresh | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 3.5 GHz 3,500 MHz 3,500,000 kHz | 4.4 GHz 4,400 MHz 4,400,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-9940X | November 2018 | $ 1,387.00 € 1,248.30 £ 1,123.47 ¥ 143,318.71 | Core i9 | Skylake X Refresh | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 3.3 GHz 3,300 MHz 3,300,000 kHz | 4.4 GHz 4,400 MHz 4,400,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-9960X | November 2018 | $ 1,684.00 € 1,515.60 £ 1,364.04 ¥ 174,007.72 | Core i9 | Skylake X Refresh | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 3.1 GHz 3,100 MHz 3,100,000 kHz | 4.4 GHz 4,400 MHz 4,400,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-9980XE | November 2018 | $ 1,979.00 € 1,781.10 £ 1,602.99 ¥ 204,490.07 | Core i9 | Skylake X Refresh | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 4.4 GHz 4,400 MHz 4,400,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
i9-9990XE | 3 January 2019 | Core i9 | Skylake X Refresh | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 255 W 255,000 mW 0.342 hp 0.255 kW | 4 GHz 4,000 MHz 4,000,000 kHz | 5 GHz 5,000 MHz 5,000,000 kHz | 128 GiB 131,072 MiB 134,217,728 KiB 137,438,953,472 B 0.125 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||
D-2123IT | 7 February 2018 | $ 213.00 € 191.70 £ 172.53 ¥ 22,009.29 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 4 | 8 | 4 MiB 4,096 KiB 4,194,304 B 0.00391 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 60 W 60,000 mW 0.0805 hp 0.06 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2141I | 7 February 2018 | $ 555.00 € 499.50 £ 449.55 ¥ 57,348.15 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 65 W 65,000 mW 0.0872 hp 0.065 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2142IT | 7 February 2018 | $ 438.00 € 394.20 £ 354.78 ¥ 45,258.54 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 65 W 65,000 mW 0.0872 hp 0.065 kW | 1.9 GHz 1,900 MHz 1,900,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2143IT | 7 February 2018 | $ 566.00 € 509.40 £ 458.46 ¥ 58,484.78 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 65 W 65,000 mW 0.0872 hp 0.065 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2145NT | 7 February 2018 | $ 502.00 € 451.80 £ 406.62 ¥ 51,871.66 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 65 W 65,000 mW 0.0872 hp 0.065 kW | 1.9 GHz 1,900 MHz 1,900,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2146NT | 7 February 2018 | $ 641.00 € 576.90 £ 519.21 ¥ 66,234.53 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 80 W 80,000 mW 0.107 hp 0.08 kW | 2.3 GHz 2,300 MHz 2,300,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2161I | 7 February 2018 | $ 962.00 € 865.80 £ 779.22 ¥ 99,403.46 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 90 W 90,000 mW 0.121 hp 0.09 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2163IT | 7 February 2018 | $ 930.00 € 837.00 £ 753.30 ¥ 96,096.90 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 75 W 75,000 mW 0.101 hp 0.075 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2166NT | 7 February 2018 | $ 1,005.00 € 904.50 £ 814.05 ¥ 103,846.65 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2173IT | 7 February 2018 | $ 1,229.00 € 1,106.10 £ 995.49 ¥ 126,992.57 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 70 W 70,000 mW 0.0939 hp 0.07 kW | 1.7 GHz 1,700 MHz 1,700,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2177NT | 7 February 2018 | $ 1,443.00 € 1,298.70 £ 1,168.83 ¥ 149,105.19 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 105 W 105,000 mW 0.141 hp 0.105 kW | 1.9 GHz 1,900 MHz 1,900,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2183IT | 7 February 2018 | $ 1,764.00 € 1,587.60 £ 1,428.84 ¥ 182,274.12 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 100 W 100,000 mW 0.134 hp 0.1 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2187NT | 7 February 2018 | $ 1,989.00 € 1,790.10 £ 1,611.09 ¥ 205,523.37 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 110 W 110,000 mW 0.148 hp 0.11 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
D-2191 | 7 February 2018 | $ 2,406.00 € 2,165.40 £ 1,948.86 ¥ 248,611.98 | Xeon D | Skylake DE | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 86 W 86,000 mW 0.115 hp 0.086 kW | 1.6 GHz 1,600 MHz 1,600,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
W-2102 | 29 August 2017 | $ 202.00 € 181.80 £ 163.62 ¥ 20,872.66 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 4 | 4 | 4 MiB 4,096 KiB 4,194,304 B 0.00391 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 120 W 120,000 mW 0.161 hp 0.12 kW | 2.9 GHz 2,900 MHz 2,900,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✘ | ✘ | ||||||||||||
W-2104 | 29 August 2017 | $ 255.00 € 229.50 £ 206.55 ¥ 26,349.15 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 4 | 4 | 4 MiB 4,096 KiB 4,194,304 B 0.00391 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 120 W 120,000 mW 0.161 hp 0.12 kW | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✘ | ✘ | ||||||||||||
W-2123 | 29 August 2017 | $ 294.00 € 264.60 £ 238.14 ¥ 30,379.02 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 4 | 8 | 4 MiB 4,096 KiB 4,194,304 B 0.00391 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 120 W 120,000 mW 0.161 hp 0.12 kW | 3.6 GHz 3,600 MHz 3,600,000 kHz | 3.9 GHz 3,900 MHz 3,900,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
W-2125 | 29 August 2017 | $ 444.00 € 399.60 £ 359.64 ¥ 45,878.52 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 4 | 8 | 4 MiB 4,096 KiB 4,194,304 B 0.00391 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 120 W 120,000 mW 0.161 hp 0.12 kW | 4 GHz 4,000 MHz 4,000,000 kHz | 4.5 GHz 4,500 MHz 4,500,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
W-2133 | 29 August 2017 | $ 617.00 € 555.30 £ 499.77 ¥ 63,754.61 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 6 | 12 | 6 MiB 6,144 KiB 6,291,456 B 0.00586 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 3.6 GHz 3,600 MHz 3,600,000 kHz | 3.9 GHz 3,900 MHz 3,900,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
W-2135 | 29 August 2017 | $ 835.00 € 751.50 £ 676.35 ¥ 86,280.55 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 6 | 12 | 6 MiB 6,144 KiB 6,291,456 B 0.00586 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 4.5 GHz 4,500 MHz 4,500,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
W-2140B | 21 December 2017 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 4.2 GHz 4,200 MHz 4,200,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||||
W-2145 | 29 August 2017 | $ 1,113.00 € 1,001.70 £ 901.53 ¥ 115,006.29 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 4.5 GHz 4,500 MHz 4,500,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
W-2150B | 21 December 2017 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 10 | 20 | 10 MiB 10,240 KiB 10,485,760 B 0.00977 GiB | 13.75 MiB 14,080 KiB 14,417,920 B 0.0134 GiB | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 4.5 GHz 4,500 MHz 4,500,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||||
W-2155 | 29 August 2017 | $ 1,440.00 € 1,296.00 £ 1,166.40 ¥ 148,795.20 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 10 | 20 | 10 MiB 10,240 KiB 10,485,760 B 0.00977 GiB | 13.75 MiB 14,080 KiB 14,417,920 B 0.0134 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 3.3 GHz 3,300 MHz 3,300,000 kHz | 4.5 GHz 4,500 MHz 4,500,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
W-2170B | 21 December 2017 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 2.5 GHz 2,500 MHz 2,500,000 kHz | 4.3 GHz 4,300 MHz 4,300,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||||
W-2175 | 29 August 2017 | $ 1,947.00 € 1,752.30 £ 1,577.07 ¥ 201,183.51 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 2.5 GHz 2,500 MHz 2,500,000 kHz | 4.3 GHz 4,300 MHz 4,300,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
W-2191B | 21 December 2017 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 2.3 GHz 2,300 MHz 2,300,000 kHz | 4.3 GHz 4,300 MHz 4,300,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||||
W-2195 | 29 August 2017 | $ 2,553.00 € 2,297.70 £ 2,067.93 ¥ 263,801.49 | Xeon W | Skylake W | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 2.3 GHz 2,300 MHz 2,300,000 kHz | 4.3 GHz 4,300 MHz 4,300,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
W-3175X | 30 January 2019 | $ 2,999.00 € 2,699.10 £ 2,429.19 ¥ 309,886.67 | Xeon W | Skylake SP | 28 | 56 | 28 MiB 28,672 KiB 29,360,128 B 0.0273 GiB | 38.5 MiB 39,424 KiB 40,370,176 B 0.0376 GiB | 255 W 255,000 mW 0.342 hp 0.255 kW | 3.1 GHz 3,100 MHz 3,100,000 kHz | 4.3 GHz 4,300 MHz 4,300,000 kHz | 512 GiB 524,288 MiB 536,870,912 KiB 549,755,813,888 B 0.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
Multiprocessors (2-way) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
3104 | 11 July 2017 | $ 213.00 € 191.70 £ 172.53 ¥ 22,009.29 | Xeon Bronze | Skylake SP | 6 | 6 | 6 MiB 6,144 KiB 6,291,456 B 0.00586 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 1.7 GHz 1,700 MHz 1,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✘ | ✘ | ||||||||||||
3106 | 11 July 2017 | $ 306.00 € 275.40 £ 247.86 ¥ 31,618.98 | Xeon Bronze | Skylake SP | 8 | 8 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 1.7 GHz 1,700 MHz 1,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✘ | ✘ | ||||||||||||
6138P | 16 May 2018 | $ 4,937.00 € 4,443.30 £ 3,998.97 ¥ 510,140.21 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 20 | 40 | 20 MiB 20,480 KiB 20,971,520 B 0.0195 GiB | 27.5 MiB 28,160 KiB 28,835,840 B 0.0269 GiB | 195 W 195,000 mW 0.261 hp 0.195 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
4108 | 11 July 2017 | $ 417.00 € 375.30 £ 337.77 ¥ 43,088.61 | Xeon Silver | Skylake SP | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 1.8 GHz 1,800 MHz 1,800,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
4109T | 11 July 2017 | $ 501.00 € 450.90 £ 405.81 ¥ 51,768.33 | Xeon Silver | Skylake SP | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 70 W 70,000 mW 0.0939 hp 0.07 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
4110 | 11 July 2017 | $ 501.00 € 450.90 £ 405.81 ¥ 51,768.33 | Xeon Silver | Skylake SP | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 11 MiB 11,264 KiB 11,534,336 B 0.0107 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
4112 | 11 July 2017 | $ 473.00 € 425.70 £ 383.13 ¥ 48,875.09 | Xeon Silver | Skylake SP | 4 | 8 | 4 MiB 4,096 KiB 4,194,304 B 0.00391 GiB | 8.25 MiB 8,448 KiB 8,650,752 B 0.00806 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
4114 | 11 July 2017 | $ 694.00 € 624.60 £ 562.14 ¥ 71,711.02 | Xeon Silver | Skylake SP | 10 | 20 | 10 MiB 10,240 KiB 10,485,760 B 0.00977 GiB | 13.75 MiB 14,080 KiB 14,417,920 B 0.0134 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
4114T | 11 July 2017 | Xeon Silver | Skylake SP | 10 | 20 | 10 MiB 10,240 KiB 10,485,760 B 0.00977 GiB | 13.75 MiB 14,080 KiB 14,417,920 B 0.0134 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||
4116 | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,002.00 € 901.80 £ 811.62 ¥ 103,536.66 | Xeon Silver | Skylake SP | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
4116T | 11 July 2017 | Xeon Silver | Skylake SP | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||
Multiprocessors (4-way) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
5115 | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,221.00 € 1,098.90 £ 989.01 ¥ 126,165.93 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 10 | 20 | 10 MiB 10,240 KiB 10,485,760 B 0.00977 GiB | 13.75 MiB 14,080 KiB 14,417,920 B 0.0134 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 2.4 GHz 2,400 MHz 2,400,000 kHz | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
5117 | 11 July 2017 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 105 W 105,000 mW 0.141 hp 0.105 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 2.8 GHz 2,800 MHz 2,800,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||
5117F | 11 July 2017 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 113 W 113,000 mW 0.152 hp 0.113 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 2.8 GHz 2,800 MHz 2,800,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||
5118 | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,273.00 € 1,145.70 £ 1,031.13 ¥ 131,539.09 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 105 W 105,000 mW 0.141 hp 0.105 kW | 2.3 GHz 2,300 MHz 2,300,000 kHz | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
5119T | 11 July 2017 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 85 W 85,000 mW 0.114 hp 0.085 kW | 1.9 GHz 1,900 MHz 1,900,000 kHz | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||
5120 | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,555.00 € 1,399.50 £ 1,259.55 ¥ 160,678.15 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 105 W 105,000 mW 0.141 hp 0.105 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
5120T | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,727.00 € 1,554.30 £ 1,398.87 ¥ 178,450.91 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 105 W 105,000 mW 0.141 hp 0.105 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
5122 | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,221.00 € 1,098.90 £ 989.01 ¥ 126,165.93 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 4 | 8 | 4 MiB 4,096 KiB 4,194,304 B 0.00391 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 105 W 105,000 mW 0.141 hp 0.105 kW | 3.6 GHz 3,600 MHz 3,600,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6126 | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,776.00 € 1,598.40 £ 1,438.56 ¥ 183,514.08 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 125 W 125,000 mW 0.168 hp 0.125 kW | 2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6126F | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,931.00 € 1,737.90 £ 1,564.11 ¥ 199,530.23 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 135 W 135,000 mW 0.181 hp 0.135 kW | 2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6126T | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,865.00 € 1,678.50 £ 1,510.65 ¥ 192,710.45 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 125 W 125,000 mW 0.168 hp 0.125 kW | 2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6128 | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,697.00 € 1,527.30 £ 1,374.57 ¥ 175,351.01 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 6 | 12 | 6 MiB 6,144 KiB 6,291,456 B 0.00586 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 115 W 115,000 mW 0.154 hp 0.115 kW | 3.4 GHz 3,400 MHz 3,400,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6130 | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,894.00 € 1,704.60 £ 1,534.14 ¥ 195,707.02 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 125 W 125,000 mW 0.168 hp 0.125 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6130F | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,049.00 € 1,844.10 £ 1,659.69 ¥ 211,723.17 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 135 W 135,000 mW 0.181 hp 0.135 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6130T | 11 July 2017 | $ 1,988.00 € 1,789.20 £ 1,610.28 ¥ 205,420.04 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 125 W 125,000 mW 0.168 hp 0.125 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6132 | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,111.00 € 1,899.90 £ 1,709.91 ¥ 218,129.63 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 14 | 28 | 14 MiB 14,336 KiB 14,680,064 B 0.0137 GiB | 19.25 MiB 19,712 KiB 20,185,088 B 0.0188 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6134 | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,214.00 € 1,992.60 £ 1,793.34 ¥ 228,772.62 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 130 W 130,000 mW 0.174 hp 0.13 kW | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6134M | 11 July 2017 | $ 5,217.00 € 4,695.30 £ 4,225.77 ¥ 539,072.61 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 130 W 130,000 mW 0.174 hp 0.13 kW | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 1,536 GiB 1,572,864 MiB 1,610,612,736 KiB 1,649,267,441,664 B 1.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6136 | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,460.00 € 2,214.00 £ 1,992.60 ¥ 254,191.80 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6138 | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,612.00 € 2,350.80 £ 2,115.72 ¥ 269,897.96 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 20 | 40 | 20 MiB 20,480 KiB 20,971,520 B 0.0195 GiB | 27.5 MiB 28,160 KiB 28,835,840 B 0.0269 GiB | 125 W 125,000 mW 0.168 hp 0.125 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6138F | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,767.00 € 2,490.30 £ 2,241.27 ¥ 285,914.11 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 20 | 40 | 20 MiB 20,480 KiB 20,971,520 B 0.0195 GiB | 27.5 MiB 28,160 KiB 28,835,840 B 0.0269 GiB | 135 W 135,000 mW 0.181 hp 0.135 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6138T | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,742.00 € 2,467.80 £ 2,221.02 ¥ 283,330.86 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 20 | 40 | 20 MiB 20,480 KiB 20,971,520 B 0.0195 GiB | 27.5 MiB 28,160 KiB 28,835,840 B 0.0269 GiB | 125 W 125,000 mW 0.168 hp 0.125 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6140 | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,445.00 € 2,200.50 £ 1,980.45 ¥ 252,641.85 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 2.3 GHz 2,300 MHz 2,300,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6140M | 11 July 2017 | $ 5,448.00 € 4,903.20 £ 4,412.88 ¥ 562,941.84 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 2.3 GHz 2,300 MHz 2,300,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 1,536 GiB 1,572,864 MiB 1,610,612,736 KiB 1,649,267,441,664 B 1.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6142 | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,946.00 € 2,651.40 £ 2,386.26 ¥ 304,410.18 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6142F | 11 July 2017 | $ 3,101.00 € 2,790.90 £ 2,511.81 ¥ 320,426.33 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 160 W 160,000 mW 0.215 hp 0.16 kW | 2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6142M | 11 July 2017 | $ 5,949.00 € 5,354.10 £ 4,818.69 ¥ 614,710.17 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 1,536 GiB 1,572,864 MiB 1,610,612,736 KiB 1,649,267,441,664 B 1.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6144 | 11 July 2017 | $ 2,925.00 € 2,632.50 £ 2,369.25 ¥ 302,240.25 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 8 | 16 | 8 MiB 8,192 KiB 8,388,608 B 0.00781 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 3.5 GHz 3,500 MHz 3,500,000 kHz | 4.2 GHz 4,200 MHz 4,200,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6146 | 11 July 2017 | $ 3,286.00 € 2,957.40 £ 2,661.66 ¥ 339,542.38 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 3.2 GHz 3,200 MHz 3,200,000 kHz | 4.2 GHz 4,200 MHz 4,200,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6148 | 11 July 2017 | $ 3,072.00 € 2,764.80 £ 2,488.32 ¥ 317,429.76 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 20 | 40 | 20 MiB 20,480 KiB 20,971,520 B 0.0195 GiB | 27.5 MiB 28,160 KiB 28,835,840 B 0.0269 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 2.4 GHz 2,400 MHz 2,400,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6148F | 11 July 2017 | $ 3,227.00 € 2,904.30 £ 2,613.87 ¥ 333,445.91 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 20 | 40 | 20 MiB 20,480 KiB 20,971,520 B 0.0195 GiB | 27.5 MiB 28,160 KiB 28,835,840 B 0.0269 GiB | 160 W 160,000 mW 0.215 hp 0.16 kW | 2.4 GHz 2,400 MHz 2,400,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6150 | 11 July 2017 | $ 3,358.00 € 3,022.20 £ 2,719.98 ¥ 346,982.14 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 2.7 GHz 2,700 MHz 2,700,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6152 | 11 July 2017 | $ 3,655.00 € 3,289.50 £ 2,960.55 ¥ 377,671.15 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 22 | 44 | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 30.25 MiB 30,976 KiB 31,719,424 B 0.0295 GiB | 140 W 140,000 mW 0.188 hp 0.14 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6154 | 11 July 2017 | $ 3,543.00 € 3,188.70 £ 2,869.83 ¥ 366,098.19 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 200 W 200,000 mW 0.268 hp 0.2 kW | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
6161 | Xeon Gold | Skylake SP | 22 | 44 | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 30.25 MiB 30,976 KiB 31,719,424 B 0.0295 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | ✘ | ✔ | ||||||||||||||
Multiprocessors (8-way) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
8124 | 2017 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 240 W 240,000 mW 0.322 hp 0.24 kW | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 3.5 GHz 3,500 MHz 3,500,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||
8124M | 2017 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 18 | 36 | 18 MiB 18,432 KiB 18,874,368 B 0.0176 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 240 W 240,000 mW 0.322 hp 0.24 kW | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 3.5 GHz 3,500 MHz 3,500,000 kHz | 1,536 GiB 1,572,864 MiB 1,610,612,736 KiB 1,649,267,441,664 B 1.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||
8153 | 11 July 2017 | $ 3,115.00 € 2,803.50 £ 2,523.15 ¥ 321,872.95 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 16 | 32 | 16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB | 22 MiB 22,528 KiB 23,068,672 B 0.0215 GiB | 125 W 125,000 mW 0.168 hp 0.125 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 2.8 GHz 2,800 MHz 2,800,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8156 | 11 July 2017 | $ 7,007.00 € 6,306.30 £ 5,675.67 ¥ 724,033.31 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 4 | 8 | 4 MiB 4,096 KiB 4,194,304 B 0.00391 GiB | 16.5 MiB 16,896 KiB 17,301,504 B 0.0161 GiB | 105 W 105,000 mW 0.141 hp 0.105 kW | 3.6 GHz 3,600 MHz 3,600,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8158 | 11 July 2017 | $ 7,007.00 € 6,306.30 £ 5,675.67 ¥ 724,033.31 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 12 | 24 | 12 MiB 12,288 KiB 12,582,912 B 0.0117 GiB | 24.75 MiB 25,344 KiB 25,952,256 B 0.0242 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 3 GHz 3,000 MHz 3,000,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8160 | 11 July 2017 | $ 4,702.00 € 4,231.80 £ 3,808.62 ¥ 485,857.66 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 24 | 48 | 24 MiB 24,576 KiB 25,165,824 B 0.0234 GiB | 33 MiB 33,792 KiB 34,603,008 B 0.0322 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8160F | 11 July 2017 | $ 4,856.00 € 4,370.40 £ 3,933.36 ¥ 501,770.48 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 24 | 48 | 24 MiB 24,576 KiB 25,165,824 B 0.0234 GiB | 33 MiB 33,792 KiB 34,603,008 B 0.0322 GiB | 160 W 160,000 mW 0.215 hp 0.16 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8160M | 11 July 2017 | $ 7,704.00 € 6,933.60 £ 6,240.24 ¥ 796,054.32 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 24 | 48 | 24 MiB 24,576 KiB 25,165,824 B 0.0234 GiB | 33 MiB 33,792 KiB 34,603,008 B 0.0322 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 1,536 GiB 1,572,864 MiB 1,610,612,736 KiB 1,649,267,441,664 B 1.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8160T | 11 July 2017 | $ 4,936.00 € 4,442.40 £ 3,998.16 ¥ 510,036.88 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 24 | 48 | 24 MiB 24,576 KiB 25,165,824 B 0.0234 GiB | 33 MiB 33,792 KiB 34,603,008 B 0.0322 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8163 | 2017 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 24 | 48 | 24 MiB 24,576 KiB 25,165,824 B 0.0234 GiB | 33 MiB 33,792 KiB 34,603,008 B 0.0322 GiB | 2.5 GHz 2,500 MHz 2,500,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||||
8164 | 11 July 2017 | $ 6,114.00 € 5,502.60 £ 4,952.34 ¥ 631,759.62 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 26 | 52 | 26 MiB 26,624 KiB 27,262,976 B 0.0254 GiB | 35.75 MiB 36,608 KiB 37,486,592 B 0.0349 GiB | 150 W 150,000 mW 0.201 hp 0.15 kW | 2 GHz 2,000 MHz 2,000,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8168 | 11 July 2017 | $ 5,890.00 € 5,301.00 £ 4,770.90 ¥ 608,613.70 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 24 | 48 | 24 MiB 24,576 KiB 25,165,824 B 0.0234 GiB | 33 MiB 33,792 KiB 34,603,008 B 0.0322 GiB | 205 W 205,000 mW 0.275 hp 0.205 kW | 2.7 GHz 2,700 MHz 2,700,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8170 | 11 July 2017 | $ 7,405.00 € 6,664.50 £ 5,998.05 ¥ 765,158.65 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 26 | 52 | 26 MiB 26,624 KiB 27,262,976 B 0.0254 GiB | 35.75 MiB 36,608 KiB 37,486,592 B 0.0349 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8170F | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 26 | 52 | 26 MiB 26,624 KiB 27,262,976 B 0.0254 GiB | 35.75 MiB 36,608 KiB 37,486,592 B 0.0349 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 2.8 GHz 2,800 MHz 2,800,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||||
8170M | 11 July 2017 | $ 10,409.00 € 9,368.10 £ 8,431.29 ¥ 1,075,561.97 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 26 | 52 | 26 MiB 26,624 KiB 27,262,976 B 0.0254 GiB | 35.75 MiB 36,608 KiB 37,486,592 B 0.0349 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.7 GHz 3,700 MHz 3,700,000 kHz | 1,536 GiB 1,572,864 MiB 1,610,612,736 KiB 1,649,267,441,664 B 1.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8173M | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 28 | 56 | 28 MiB 28,672 KiB 29,360,128 B 0.0273 GiB | 38.5 MiB 39,424 KiB 40,370,176 B 0.0376 GiB | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.8 GHz 3,800 MHz 3,800,000 kHz | 1,536 GiB 1,572,864 MiB 1,610,612,736 KiB 1,649,267,441,664 B 1.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||||
8175 | 2017 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 24 | 48 | 24 MiB 24,576 KiB 25,165,824 B 0.0234 GiB | 33 MiB 33,792 KiB 34,603,008 B 0.0322 GiB | 2.5 GHz 2,500 MHz 2,500,000 kHz | 3.1 GHz 3,100 MHz 3,100,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||||
8175M | 2017 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 24 | 48 | 24 MiB 24,576 KiB 25,165,824 B 0.0234 GiB | 33 MiB 33,792 KiB 34,603,008 B 0.0322 GiB | 2.5 GHz 2,500 MHz 2,500,000 kHz | 3.5 GHz 3,500 MHz 3,500,000 kHz | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||||
8176 | 11 July 2017 | $ 8,719.00 € 7,847.10 £ 7,062.39 ¥ 900,934.27 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 28 | 56 | 28 MiB 28,672 KiB 29,360,128 B 0.0273 GiB | 38.5 MiB 39,424 KiB 40,370,176 B 0.0376 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.8 GHz 3,800 MHz 3,800,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8176F | 11 July 2017 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 28 | 56 | 28 MiB 28,672 KiB 29,360,128 B 0.0273 GiB | 38.5 MiB 39,424 KiB 40,370,176 B 0.0376 GiB | 173 W 173,000 mW 0.232 hp 0.173 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.8 GHz 3,800 MHz 3,800,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | ||||||||||||
8176M | 11 July 2017 | $ 11,722.00 € 10,549.80 £ 9,494.82 ¥ 1,211,234.26 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 28 | 56 | 28 MiB 28,672 KiB 29,360,128 B 0.0273 GiB | 38.5 MiB 39,424 KiB 40,370,176 B 0.0376 GiB | 165 W 165,000 mW 0.221 hp 0.165 kW | 2.1 GHz 2,100 MHz 2,100,000 kHz | 3.8 GHz 3,800 MHz 3,800,000 kHz | 1,536 GiB 1,572,864 MiB 1,610,612,736 KiB 1,649,267,441,664 B 1.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8180 | 11 July 2017 | $ 10,009.00 € 9,008.10 £ 8,107.29 ¥ 1,034,229.97 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 28 | 56 | 28 MiB 28,672 KiB 29,360,128 B 0.0273 GiB | 38.5 MiB 39,424 KiB 40,370,176 B 0.0376 GiB | 205 W 205,000 mW 0.275 hp 0.205 kW | 2.5 GHz 2,500 MHz 2,500,000 kHz | 3.8 GHz 3,800 MHz 3,800,000 kHz | 768 GiB 786,432 MiB 805,306,368 KiB 824,633,720,832 B 0.75 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
8180M | 11 July 2017 | $ 13,011.00 € 11,709.90 £ 10,538.91 ¥ 1,344,426.63 | Xeon Platinum | Skylake SP | 28 | 56 | 28 MiB 28,672 KiB 29,360,128 B 0.0273 GiB | 38.5 MiB 39,424 KiB 40,370,176 B 0.0376 GiB | 205 W 205,000 mW 0.275 hp 0.205 kW | 2.5 GHz 2,500 MHz 2,500,000 kHz | 3.8 GHz 3,800 MHz 3,800,000 kHz | 1,536 GiB 1,572,864 MiB 1,610,612,736 KiB 1,649,267,441,664 B 1.5 TiB | ✔ | ✔ | |||||||||||
Count: 113 |
References
- Intel Unveils Powerful Intel Xeon Scalable Processors, Live Event, July 11, 2017
- Intel Xeon Scalable Process Architecture Deep Dive, Akhilesh Kumar & Malay Trivedi, Skylake-SP CPU & Lewisburg PCH Architects, June 12th, 2017.
Documents
codename | Skylake (server) + |
core count | 4 +, 6 +, 8 +, 10 +, 12 +, 14 +, 16 +, 18 +, 20 +, 22 +, 24 +, 26 + and 28 + |
designer | Intel + |
first launched | May 4, 2017 + |
full page name | intel/microarchitectures/skylake (server) + |
instance of | microarchitecture + |
instruction set architecture | x86-64 + |
manufacturer | Intel + |
microarchitecture type | CPU + |
name | Skylake (server) + |
pipeline stages (max) | 19 + |
pipeline stages (min) | 14 + |
process | 14 nm (0.014 μm, 1.4e-5 mm) + |