Semiconductor & Computer Engineering
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Revision as of 10:20, 22 January 2016
The 4-bit architecture is a microprocessor or computer architecture that has a datapath width or a highest operand width of 4 bits or a nibble. These architectures typically have a matching register file with registers width of 4 bits and 4-8-bit wide addresses.
Industry
Most of the first microprocessors during the early 1970s had 4-bit word sizes. Both the Intel 4004, the first commercial microprocessor, and the 4040 had a 4-bit word length, but had 8-bit instructions. Some of the first microcontrollers such has the TMS1000 made by Texas Instruments and NEC's μPD751 also had 4-bit words.
4-bit word were proven to be very limiting and by 1974 there was a shift to larger architectures such as 8- and 12- bit architectures. Some 4-bit chips are still made to date such as the Epson's S1C60 and S1C63 MCU families. Modern 4-bit microprocessors, however, are much different to the first generation microprocessors of the 1970s - in terms of architecture, performance, and overall capabilities.
Applications
Most 4-bit microprocessors were used almost exclusively in calculators and toys, later on for various utilities, video games, controllers, and early computers. 4 bits was a logical choice for many calculators that used BDC numbers representation.
Today, 4-bit chips such as S1C60 family are still manufactured are used in many low-power devices, wireless tools, and internet of things.
4-bit microprocessors
- AMD Am2900
- AMI 9209
- Fairchild 4700
- Fairchild 9400
- Fairchild PPS-25
- Hitachi HMCS-4
- HP Saturn (64-bit register, 4-bit data path)
- Intel 4004
- Intel 4040
- MMI 5700
- Motorola MC10800
- National IMP-4
- Rockwell PPS-4
- TMS1000
- Toshiba T3472
4-bit microcontrollers
- AMI S2000
- Epson S1C60
- Epson S1C63
- Fujitsu MB8840
- Fujitsu MB8850/500
- Hitachi HD404729S
- Hitachi HMCS40
- Hitachi HMCS400
- ITT 7150
- National MAPS
- National MM5700
- National COPS I
- National COPS II
- NEC 17K
- NEC μCOM-4
- NEC μPD751
- NEC μPD707
- Matsushita MN1400
- Matsushita MN1500
- Mitsubishi MELPS 4
- MARC4
- OKI MSM6411
- Rockwell PPS-4/1
- Sanyo LM6402G
- Sanyo LC587004
- Sanyo LC587008
- Sanyo LC58E68
- Sharp SM552
- Toshiba TLCS-47
- WD CR1872
- WD WD4200