x86
Instruction Set Architecture

General

• History
• Families

Variants

• x86-16
• x86-32
• x86-64

Topics

• Instructions
• Addressing Modes
• Registers
• Model-Specific Register
• Assembly
• Interrupts
• Micro-Ops
• Timer
• Calling Convention
• Microarchitectures
• CPUID

CPUIDs

• AMD's CPUIDs
• Intel's CPUIDs

Modes

• Real
• Protected
• Long

Extensions(all)

• 3DNow!
• ABM
• ADX
• AES
• AMX
• AVX
• AVX2
• AVX-512
• BMI1
• BMI2
• CLMUL
• E3DNow!
• EMMX
• F16C
• FMA3
• FMA4
• FPU
• MKTME
• MMX
• MPX
• PMEM
• PREFETCH
• RdRAND
• SEV
• SGX
• SHA
• SME
• SMM
• SMX
• SSE
• SSE2
• SSE3
• SSE4.1
• SSE4.2
• SSE4a
• SSE5
• SSSE3
• TBM
• TME
• TSME
• TSX
• XOP

Below is a list of Intel's CPUID broken down by their respective core names and microarchitecture:

CPUIDs

Family 15

Microarchitecture	Core	Extended Family	Family	Extended Model	Model
Netburst		0	0xF	0x0	0x6	Family 15 Model 6
	Prescott	0	0xF	0x0	0x4	Family 15 Model 4
	Prescott	0	0xF	0x0	0x3	Family 15 Model 3
	Northwood	0	0xF	0x0	0x2	Family 15 Model 2
	Willamette	0	0xF	0x0	0x1	Family 15 Model 1

Family 11

Microarchitecture	Core	Extended Family	Family	Extended Model	Model
Knights Ferry		0	0xB	0x0	0x0	Family 11 Model 0
Knights Corner		0	0xB	0x0	0x1	Family 11 Model 1

Family 6

Big Cores (Client)

Intel's client big cores refers to Intel mainstream SoCs that ship in most tablets, latops, and desktop devices.

Microarchitecture	Core	Extended Family	Family	Extended Model	Model
Meteor Lake
Alder Lake
Tigerlake
Ice Lake (Client)	U	0	0x6	0x7	0xE	Family 6 Model 126
	Y	0	0x6	0x7	0xD	Family 6 Model 125
Comet Lake	U	0	0x6	0x8	0xE	Family 6 Model 142
Amber Lake	Y
Whiskey Lake	U
Cannon Lake	U	0	0x6	0x6	0x6	Family 6 Model 102
Coffee Lake	S, H, E	0	0x6	0x9	0xE	Family 6 Model 158
	U	0	0x6	0x8	0xE	Family 6 Model 142
Kaby Lake	DT, H, S, X	0	0x6	0x9	0xE	Family 6 Model 158
	Y, U	0	0x6	0x8	0xE	Family 6 Model 142
Skylake (Client)	DT, H, S	0	0x6	0x5	0xE	Family 6 Model 94
	Y, U	0	0x6	0x4	0xE	Family 6 Model 78
Broadwell (Client)	C, W	0	0x6	0x4	0x7	Family 6 Model 71
	U, Y, S	0	0x6	0x3	0xD	Family 6 Model 61
	H	0	0x6	0x4	0x7	Family 6 Model 71
Haswell (Client)	GT3E	0	0x6	0x4	0x6	Family 6 Model 70
	ULT	0	0x6	0x4	0x5	Family 6 Model 69
	S	0	0x6	0x3	0xC	Family 6 Model 60
Ivy Bridge (Client)	M, H, Gladden	0	0x6	0x3	0xA	Family 6 Model 58
Sandy Bridge (Client)	M, H	0	0x6	0x2	0xA	Family 6 Model 42
Westmere (Client)	Arrandale, Clarkdale	0	0x6	0x2	0x5	Family 6 Model 37
Nehalem (Client)	Auburndale, Havendale	0	0x6	0x1	0xF	Family 6 Model 31
	Clarksfield	0	0x6	0x1	0xE	Family 6 Model 30
Penryn (Client)	Penryn, Wolfdale, Yorkfield	0	0x6	0x1	0x7	Family 6 Model 23
Core (Client)	Merom L	0	0x6	0x1	0x6	Family 6 Model 22
Merom	0	0x6	0x0	0xF	Family 6 Model 15
Modified Pentium M	Yonah	0	0x6	0x0	0xE	Family 6 Model 14
Pentium M	Tolapai	0	0x6	0x1	0x5	Family 6 Model 21
	Dothan	0	0x6	0x0	0xD	Family 6 Model 13
	Banias	0	0x6	0x0	0x9	Family 6 Model 9
P6	Tualatin	0	0x6	0x0	0xB	Family 6 Model 11
	Coppermine, Coppermine T	0	0x6	0x0	0x8	Family 6 Model 8
	Katmai	0	0x6	0x0	0x7	Family 6 Model 7
		0	0x6	0x0	0x6	Family 6 Model 6
		0	0x6	0x0	0x5	Family 6 Model 5
		0	0x6	0x0	0x3	Family 6 Model 3
		0	0x6	0x0	0x1	Family 6 Model 1

Big Cores (Server)

Intel's server big cores refers to Intel workstation and data center SoCs that ship in most enterprise desktops, workstations, and servers.

Microarchitecture	Core	Extended Family	Family	Extended Model	Model
Granite Rapids
Sapphire Rapids
Ice Lake (Server)	SP?	0	0x6	0x6	0xC	Family 6 Model 108
	DE?	0	0x6	0x6	0xA	Family 6 Model 106
Cooper Lake	?	0	0x6	0x5	0x5	Family 6 Model 85
Cascade Lake	SP, X
Skylake (Server)	SP, X, DE, W
Broadwell (Server)	E, EP, EX	0	0x6	0x4	0xF	Family 6 Model 79
	DE	0	0x6	0x5	0x6	Family 6 Model 86
Haswell (Server)	E, EP, EX	0	0x6	0x3	0xF	Family 6 Model 63
Ivy Bridge (Server)	E, EN, EP, EX	0	0x6	0x3	0xE	Family 6 Model 62
Sandy Bridge (Server)	E, EN, EP	0	0x6	0x2	0xD	Family 6 Model 45
Westmere (Server)	Gulftown, EP	0	0x6	0x2	0xC	Family 6 Model 44
	EX	0	0x6	0x2	0xF	Family 6 Model 47
Nehalem (Server)	EX	0	0x6	0x2	0xE	Family 6 Model 46
	Lynnfield	0	0x6	0x1	0xE	Family 6 Model 30
	Bloomfield, EP, WS	0	0x6	0x1	0xA	Family 6 Model 26
Penryn (Server)	Dunnington	0	0x6	0x1	0xD	Family 6 Model 29
Harpertown, QC, Wolfdale, Yorkfield	0	0x6	0x1	0x7	Family 6 Model 23
P6		0	0x6	0x0	0xA	Family 6 Model 10

Small Cores

Intel's client small cores refers to Intel low-power SoCs that ship in low power laptops, tablets, embeddded devices, and low-power servers.

Microarchitecture	Core	Extended Family	Family	Extended Model	Model
Tremont	Elkhart Lake?	0	0x6	0x8	0x6	Family 6 Model 134
Goldmont Plus	Gemini Lake	0	0x6	0x7	0xA	Family 6 Model 122
Goldmont	Denverton	0	0x6	0x5	0xF	Family 6 Model 95
	Apollo Lake, Broxton	0	0x6	0x5	0xC	Family 6 Model 92
Airmont	Cherry Trail, Braswell	0	0x6	0x4	0xC	Family 6 Model 76
Silvermont	SoFIA	0	0x6	0x5	0xD	Family 6 Model 93
	Anniedale	0	0x6	0x5	0xA	Family 6 Model 90
	Avoton, Rangeley	0	0x6	0x4	0xD	Family 6 Model 77
	Tangier	0	0x6	0x4	0xA	Family 6 Model 74
	Bay Trail	0	0x6	0x3	0x7	Family 6 Model 55
Saltwell	Cedarview	0	0x6	0x3	0x6	Family 6 Model 54
	Cloverview	0	0x6	0x3	0x5	Family 6 Model 53
	Penwell	0	0x6	0x2	0x7	Family 6 Model 39
Bonnell	Lincroft	0	0x6	0x2	0x6	Family 6 Model 38
	Silverthorne, Diamondville, Pineview	0	0x6	0x1	0xC	Family 6 Model 28

MIC Architecture

Microarchitecture	Core	Extended Family	Family	Extended Model	Model
Knights Mill		0	0x6	0x8	0x5	Family 6 Model 133
Knights Landing		0	0x6	0x5	0x7	Family 6 Model 87

Family 5

Microarchitecture	Core	Extended Family	Family	Extended Model	Model
Lakemont	Quark	0	0x5	0x0	0xA	Family 5 Model 10
		0	0x5	0x0	0x9	Family 5 Model 9
P5	P55C (Mobile)	0	0x5	0x0	0x8	Family 5 Model 8
		0	0x5	0x0	0x7	Family 5 Model 7
	P55C	0	0x5	0x0	0x4	Family 5 Model 4
	P54CS	0	0x5	0x0	0x2	Family 5 Model 2
	P5, P54, P54CQS	0	0x5	0x0	0x1	Family 5 Model 1

Family 4

Microarchitecture	Core	Extended Family	Family	Extended Model	Model
80486		0	0x4	0x0	0x9	Family 4 Model 9
	80486DX4	0	0x4	0x0	0x8	Family 4 Model 8
		0	0x4	0x0	0x7	Family 4 Model 7
		0	0x4	0x0	0x5	Family 4 Model 5
	80486SL	0	0x4	0x0	0x4	Family 4 Model 4
	80486DX2	0	0x4	0x0	0x3	Family 4 Model 3
	80486SX	0	0x4	0x0	0x2	Family 4 Model 2
	80486DX	0	0x4	0x0	0x1	Family 4 Model 1

Family 3

• 80386