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K7 - Microarchitectures - AMD
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K7 µarch
General Info
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K7 was the microarchitecture for AMD's K6-III line of microprocessors as a successor to the K6-III. K7 was superseded by K8 in 2003. K7 was used for AMD's Athlon and Duron families of processors.

Codenames

Core Family Description
Spitfire Duron 1st generation Duron
Morgan Duron 2nd generation Duron, introduced SSE & Hardware data prefetcher
Camaro Duron Former corename for 2nd generation (Morgan) mobile processors
Appaloosa‎‎ Duron Scheduled to be 3rd generation, scrapped for unknown reasons
Applebred Duron 3rd generation Duron, produced on a newer 130 nm process

Process Technology

K7 was originally manufactured on AMD's 180 nm process. By late 2002 AMD transition to a 130 nm process.

Architecture

K7 was a relatively new design by AMD which marked a departure from the aging Socket 7 and Super Socket 7. The new architecture introduced a number of major changes including a new propitiatory unified Socket A.

Key changes from K6 / K6-III

  • System Bus
    • K7 utilizes the Digital Alpha EV6 system bus interface
      • AMD licensed the technology from Digital allowing them to independently develop their own chipsets and motherboards without paying licensing frees to Intel for their Slot 1 GTL+ bus. This does consequently meant incompatibility AMD's motherboards and Intel's motherboards.
      • The EV6 utilizes double data rate (DDR) doubling the effective data transfer rate of the bus speed.
      • 100 MHz bus = 200 MT/s

Memory Hierarchy

AMD used a split L1$ and a unified L2$. While originally K7 had an L2$ controller on-die with the actual cache off-chip, AMD moved the L2$ on-die the following year.

  • Cache
    • L1 Cache:
      • 64 KiB 2-way set associative instruction, 64 B line size
      • 64 KiB 2-way set associative instruction, 64 B line size
    • L2 Cache:
      • 64 KiB 16-way set associative, 64 B line size
      • Unified
      • 7 cycles latency
      • 64-bit data bus
      • exclusive
      • Note original Athlon models did not feature an on-die L2$, instead cache was implemented off-chip with a built-in controller supporting up to 8 MiB OF SDR/DDR SRAMs. Full tag was used for 512 or less KiB memory and partial tag for larger caches.
  • TLB
    • ITLB
      • 24-entry, dual-port
    • DTLB
      • 32-entry, dual-port
    • STLB
      • 256-entry

Both AMD's and Intel's original models did not feature on-die L2$. When compared to Intel's original Pentium III L1 which was 32 KiB (albeit at higher associativity), K7 had superior performance due to having 4 times as much cache. By the following year AMD moved the cach on-die. With the introduction of the Coppermine models, Intel moved the L2$ on-die as well with half of K7's latency. This change allowed Pentium models to outperform Athlon for certain workloads.

Die Shot

Duron DHD1200AMT1B

AMD Duron DHD1200AMT1B Morgan-based core:

AMD DHD1200AMT1B die shot 2.jpg

Athlon K7500MTR51B C

AMD Athlon K7500MTR51B C Argon-based core:

AMD Athlon K7500MTR51B C die shot.jpg

All K7 Chips

K7 Chips
ModelFamilyCoreLaunchedTDPVCOREFreqMax Mem
Athlon MP 1000Athlon MPPalomino5 June 200146.1 W
46,100 mW
0.0618 hp
0.0461 kW
1.75 V
17.5 dV
175 cV
1,750 mV
1,000 MHz
1 GHz
1,000,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 1200Athlon MPPalomino5 June 200154.7 W
54,700 mW
0.0734 hp
0.0547 kW
1.75 V
17.5 dV
175 cV
1,750 mV
1,200 MHz
1.2 GHz
1,200,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 1200Athlon MPPalomino5 June 20011.55 V
15.5 dV
155 cV
1,550 mV
1,200 MHz
1.2 GHz
1,200,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 1200Athlon MPPalomino5 June 20011.8 V
18 dV
180 cV
1,800 mV
1,200 MHz
1.2 GHz
1,200,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 1500+Athlon MPPalomino15 October 200160 W
60,000 mW
0.0805 hp
0.06 kW
1.75 V
17.5 dV
175 cV
1,750 mV
1,333 MHz
1.333 GHz
1,333,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 1600+Athlon MPPalomino15 October 200162.8 W
62,800 mW
0.0842 hp
0.0628 kW
1.75 V
17.5 dV
175 cV
1,750 mV
1,400 MHz
1.4 GHz
1,400,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 1800+Athlon MPPalomino15 October 200166 W
66,000 mW
0.0885 hp
0.066 kW
1.75 V
17.5 dV
175 cV
1,750 mV
1,533 MHz
1.533 GHz
1,533,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 1900+Athlon MPPalomino12 December 200166 W
66,000 mW
0.0885 hp
0.066 kW
1.75 V
17.5 dV
175 cV
1,750 mV
1,600 MHz
1.6 GHz
1,600,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2000+Athlon MPThoroughbred27 August 20021.65 V
16.5 dV
165 cV
1,650 mV
1,667 MHz
1.667 GHz
1,667,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2000+Athlon MPPalomino13 March 200266 W
66,000 mW
0.0885 hp
0.066 kW
1.75 V
17.5 dV
175 cV
1,750 mV
1,667 MHz
1.667 GHz
1,667,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2000+Athlon MPThoroughbred27 August 200258.2 W
58,200 mW
0.078 hp
0.0582 kW
1.6 V
16 dV
160 cV
1,600 mV
1,667 MHz
1.667 GHz
1,667,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2100+Athlon MPPalomino19 June 200266 W
66,000 mW
0.0885 hp
0.066 kW
1.75 V
17.5 dV
175 cV
1,750 mV
1,733 MHz
1.733 GHz
1,733,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2200+Athlon MPThoroughbred27 August 200260 W
60,000 mW
0.0805 hp
0.06 kW
1.65 V
16.5 dV
165 cV
1,650 mV
1,800 MHz
1.8 GHz
1,800,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2400+Athlon MPThoroughbred10 December 200260 W
60,000 mW
0.0805 hp
0.06 kW
1.65 V
16.5 dV
165 cV
1,650 mV
2,000 MHz
2 GHz
2,000,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2400+Athlon MPThoroughbred10 December 20021.6 V
16 dV
160 cV
1,600 mV
2,000 MHz
2 GHz
2,000,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2600+Athlon MPBarton6 May 200360 W
60,000 mW
0.0805 hp
0.06 kW
1.6 V
16 dV
160 cV
1,600 mV
2,000 MHz
2 GHz
2,000,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2600+Athlon MPThoroughbred4 February 200360 W
60,000 mW
0.0805 hp
0.06 kW
1.65 V
16.5 dV
165 cV
1,650 mV
2,133 MHz
2.133 GHz
2,133,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon MP 2800+Athlon MPBarton6 May 200360 W
60,000 mW
0.0805 hp
0.06 kW
1.6 V
16 dV
160 cV
1,600 mV
2,133 MHz
2.133 GHz
2,133,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1000Athlon XP-MThoroughbred16 W
16,000 mW
0.0215 hp
0.016 kW
1.2 V
12 dV
120 cV
1,200 mV
1,000 MHz
1 GHz
1,000,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1200+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred16 W
16,000 mW
0.0215 hp
0.016 kW
1.2 V
12 dV
120 cV
1,200 mV
1,000 MHz
1 GHz
1,000,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1300+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred16 W
16,000 mW
0.0215 hp
0.016 kW
1.15 V
11.5 dV
115 cV
1,150 mV
1,100 MHz
1.1 GHz
1,100,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1300+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred16 W
16,000 mW
0.0215 hp
0.016 kW
1.1 V
11 dV
110 cV
1,100 mV
1,100 MHz
1.1 GHz
1,100,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1400+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,200 MHz
1.2 GHz
1,200,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1400+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200316 W
16,000 mW
0.0215 hp
0.016 kW
1.1 V
11 dV
110 cV
1,100 mV
1,200 MHz
1.2 GHz
1,200,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1400+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200316 W
16,000 mW
0.0215 hp
0.016 kW
1.1 V
11 dV
110 cV
1,100 mV
1,200 MHz
1.2 GHz
1,200,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1400+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.3 V
13 dV
130 cV
1,300 mV
1,200 MHz
1.2 GHz
1,200,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1400+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.3 V
13 dV
130 cV
1,300 mV
1,200 MHz
1.2 GHz
1,200,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1400+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,200 MHz
1.2 GHz
1,200,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1500+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.3 V
13 dV
130 cV
1,300 mV
1,333 MHz
1.333 GHz
1,333,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1500+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.3 V
13 dV
130 cV
1,300 mV
1,333 MHz
1.333 GHz
1,333,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1500+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,333 MHz
1.333 GHz
1,333,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1500+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,333 MHz
1.333 GHz
1,333,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1500+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200316 W
16,000 mW
0.0215 hp
0.016 kW
1.1 V
11 dV
110 cV
1,100 mV
1,333 MHz
1.333 GHz
1,333,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1600+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,400 MHz
1.4 GHz
1,400,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1600+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.3 V
13 dV
130 cV
1,300 mV
1,400 MHz
1.4 GHz
1,400,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1600+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.3 V
13 dV
130 cV
1,300 mV
1,400 MHz
1.4 GHz
1,400,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1600+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,400 MHz
1.4 GHz
1,400,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1700+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,467 MHz
1.467 GHz
1,467,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1800+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200325 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,533 MHz
1.533 GHz
1,533,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1800+Athlon XP-MBarton25 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,400 MHz
1.4 GHz
1,400,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1800+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred12 March 200335 W
35,000 mW
0.0469 hp
0.035 kW
1.35 V
13.5 dV
135 cV
1,350 mV
1,533 MHz
1.533 GHz
1,533,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1800+Athlon XP-MBarton35 W
35,000 mW
0.0469 hp
0.035 kW
1.35 V
13.5 dV
135 cV
1,350 mV
1,400 MHz
1.4 GHz
1,400,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1900+Athlon XP-MBarton25 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,467 MHz
1.467 GHz
1,467,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 1900+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred17 June 200335 W
35,000 mW
0.0469 hp
0.035 kW
1.35 V
13.5 dV
135 cV
1,350 mV
1,600 MHz
1.6 GHz
1,600,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 2000+Athlon XP-MBarton35 W
35,000 mW
0.0469 hp
0.035 kW
1.35 V
13.5 dV
135 cV
1,350 mV
1,533 MHz
1.533 GHz
1,533,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 2000+Athlon XP-MBarton25 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,533 MHz
1.533 GHz
1,533,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 2000+Athlon XP-MThoroughbred17 June 200335 W
35,000 mW
0.0469 hp
0.035 kW
1.35 V
13.5 dV
135 cV
1,350 mV
1,667 MHz
1.667 GHz
1,667,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 2100+Athlon XP-MBarton17 March 200425 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,600 MHz
1.6 GHz
1,600,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 2100+Athlon XP-MBarton17 March 200425 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.25 V
12.5 dV
125 cV
1,250 mV
1,600 MHz
1.6 GHz
1,600,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Athlon XP-M 2200+Athlon XP-MBarton19 July 200425 W
25,000 mW
0.0335 hp
0.025 kW
1.3 V
13 dV
130 cV
1,300 mV
1,667 MHz
1.667 GHz
1,667,000 kHz
4,096 MiB
4,194,304 KiB
4,294,967,296 B
4 GiB
0.00391 TiB
Count: 94

See also

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