Semiconductor & Computer Engineering
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== BBC & ARM1 == | == BBC & ARM1 == | ||
| − | {{see also| | + | {{see also|acorn/microarchitectures/arm1|arm/armv1|l1=ARM1|l2=ARMv1}} |
In 1980 BBC started the ''Computer Literacy Project''. At the time BBC wanted the project to center around a microcomputer. BBC entered talks with a number of computer companies, among them was Acorn Computers. Early in 1980 Acorn released the [[Acorn Atom]] and by that time they were already working on their next project, ''Proton''. Acorn got an early prototype working to demo BBC. The Proton met BBC's specification resulting in a contract signed in February of [[1981]]. In December of [[1981]] Acorn Computers introduced the [[BBC Micro]], becoming a great success. | In 1980 BBC started the ''Computer Literacy Project''. At the time BBC wanted the project to center around a microcomputer. BBC entered talks with a number of computer companies, among them was Acorn Computers. Early in 1980 Acorn released the [[Acorn Atom]] and by that time they were already working on their next project, ''Proton''. Acorn got an early prototype working to demo BBC. The Proton met BBC's specification resulting in a contract signed in February of [[1981]]. In December of [[1981]] Acorn Computers introduced the [[BBC Micro]], becoming a great success. | ||
The Acorn BBC Micro made use of the {{mos|6502}}, a highly popular {{arch|8}} microprocessor operating at 2 MHz. The early 80s were transforming quickly and by January [[1983]] [[Apple]] introduced the [[Apple Lisa]] which utilized the Motorola {{motorola|68000}}, a much more powerful {{arch|16}} microprocessor operating at 5 MHz. The Lisa included many other cutting edge features such as a windowing environment. | The Acorn BBC Micro made use of the {{mos|6502}}, a highly popular {{arch|8}} microprocessor operating at 2 MHz. The early 80s were transforming quickly and by January [[1983]] [[Apple]] introduced the [[Apple Lisa]] which utilized the Motorola {{motorola|68000}}, a much more powerful {{arch|16}} microprocessor operating at 5 MHz. The Lisa included many other cutting edge features such as a windowing environment. | ||
| − | [[File:Acorn-ARM-Evaluation-System.jpg|left|thumb|[[ARM1]] Evaluation System board]] | + | [[File:Acorn-ARM-Evaluation-System.jpg|left|thumb|[[ARM1]] Evaluation System board. The microprocessor in the center is the {{vti|VC2588}}.]] |
Recognizing the need for more powerful computers, Acorn formed the ''Advanced Research and Development'' division. In 1983 the group was established in an attempt to develop a their own RISC processor. The initial outcome of the project was the first '''ARM''' processor. Initially stood for '''Acorn RISC Machine''', the name was later changed to ''' Advanced RISC Machine'''. | Recognizing the need for more powerful computers, Acorn formed the ''Advanced Research and Development'' division. In 1983 the group was established in an attempt to develop a their own RISC processor. The initial outcome of the project was the first '''ARM''' processor. Initially stood for '''Acorn RISC Machine''', the name was later changed to ''' Advanced RISC Machine'''. | ||
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The ARM1 had a few major bottlenecks - primarily the lack of hardware [[multiplication]] support resulted in considerable performance issues in related code. The problem was compounded by the fact that the ARM1 had no ability to support [[coprocessors]] which were needed for scientific applications that could make use of a powerful [[FPU]] coprocessor. By the following year Acorn reimplemented the ARM1 on a smaller process along with a number of enhancements designed to address those precise problems. The new design became the [[ARM2]]. | The ARM1 had a few major bottlenecks - primarily the lack of hardware [[multiplication]] support resulted in considerable performance issues in related code. The problem was compounded by the fact that the ARM1 had no ability to support [[coprocessors]] which were needed for scientific applications that could make use of a powerful [[FPU]] coprocessor. By the following year Acorn reimplemented the ARM1 on a smaller process along with a number of enhancements designed to address those precise problems. The new design became the [[ARM2]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == ARM2 & ARM3 == | ||
| + | {{see also|acorn/microarchitectures/arm2|acorn/microarchitectures/arm3|arm/armv2|arm/armv2a|l1=ARM2|l2=ARM3|l3=ARMv2|l4=ARMv2a}} | ||
| + | In under a year following the initial ARM prototypes, Acorn introduced the {{acorn|ARM2|l=arch}}. The ARM2 was a introduced coprocessor support and eliminated the need for the slow software multiplication by introducing hardware support. Fabricated by [[vti|VTI]] on a smaller process, the result was faster, less power consuming, and smaller processor. Acorn's first commercial microprocessor became a commercial success. | ||
| + | |||
| + | By [[1989]], Acorn introduced the ARM3. Serving as a successor to the ARM2, the ARM3 introduced pretty substantial performance improvements through a [[process shrink]] and the introduction of on-die cache. Thanks to those improvements, the processor was now capable of running at higher frequency while still supporting cheaper, and thus slower, commodity DRAM chips. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == ARM Ltd. == | ||
| + | {{see also|ARM Ltd.}} | ||
| + | In November [[1990]] '''Advanced RISC Machines Ltd''' was founded in a partnership with [[Apple Computer, Inc.]] and [[VLSI Technology]] with [[Acorn Computers]]. The new company was established with the primary goal of further developing the ARM microprocessors. Apple's interest in the processor was for their {{apple|Newton}} PDAs. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == ARM6 == | ||
| + | {{empty section}} | ||
| + | |||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Revision as of 10:12, 2 July 2017
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History of ARM:
Contents
BBC & ARM1
In 1980 BBC started the Computer Literacy Project. At the time BBC wanted the project to center around a microcomputer. BBC entered talks with a number of computer companies, among them was Acorn Computers. Early in 1980 Acorn released the Acorn Atom and by that time they were already working on their next project, Proton. Acorn got an early prototype working to demo BBC. The Proton met BBC's specification resulting in a contract signed in February of 1981. In December of 1981 Acorn Computers introduced the BBC Micro, becoming a great success.
The Acorn BBC Micro made use of the 6502, a highly popular 8-bit microprocessor operating at 2 MHz. The early 80s were transforming quickly and by January 1983 Apple introduced the Apple Lisa which utilized the Motorola 68000, a much more powerful 16-bit microprocessor operating at 5 MHz. The Lisa included many other cutting edge features such as a windowing environment.
Recognizing the need for more powerful computers, Acorn formed the Advanced Research and Development division. In 1983 the group was established in an attempt to develop a their own RISC processor. The initial outcome of the project was the first ARM processor. Initially stood for Acorn RISC Machine, the name was later changed to Advanced RISC Machine.
Sophie Wilson and Steve Furber designed a reference model in BBC BASIC in just 808 lines of code. The first processor, the ARM1, was fabricated on VLSI Technology's 3 µm process using just 24,800 transistors. First silicon prototypes were delivered on April 26 1985.
The ARM1 had a few major bottlenecks - primarily the lack of hardware multiplication support resulted in considerable performance issues in related code. The problem was compounded by the fact that the ARM1 had no ability to support coprocessors which were needed for scientific applications that could make use of a powerful FPU coprocessor. By the following year Acorn reimplemented the ARM1 on a smaller process along with a number of enhancements designed to address those precise problems. The new design became the ARM2.
ARM2 & ARM3
In under a year following the initial ARM prototypes, Acorn introduced the ARM2. The ARM2 was a introduced coprocessor support and eliminated the need for the slow software multiplication by introducing hardware support. Fabricated by VTI on a smaller process, the result was faster, less power consuming, and smaller processor. Acorn's first commercial microprocessor became a commercial success.
By 1989, Acorn introduced the ARM3. Serving as a successor to the ARM2, the ARM3 introduced pretty substantial performance improvements through a process shrink and the introduction of on-die cache. Thanks to those improvements, the processor was now capable of running at higher frequency while still supporting cheaper, and thus slower, commodity DRAM chips.
ARM Ltd.
- See also: ARM Ltd.
In November 1990 Advanced RISC Machines Ltd was founded in a partnership with Apple Computer, Inc. and VLSI Technology with Acorn Computers. The new company was established with the primary goal of further developing the ARM microprocessors. Apple's interest in the processor was for their Newton PDAs.
ARM6
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