Intel Atom
Intel Atom (2015 logo)
Developer	Intel
Manufacturer	Intel
Type	system on chips, microprocessors
Introduction	March 2, 2008 (announced) April 2, 2008 (launch)
ISA	IA-32, x86-64
µarch	Bonnell
Word size	32 32 bit 4 octets 8 nibbles , 64 64 bit 8 octets 16 nibbles
Process	45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm , 32 nm 0.032 μm 3.2e-5 mm , 22 nm 0.022 μm 2.2e-5 mm , 14 nm 0.014 μm 1.4e-5 mm
Technology	CMOS
Clock	500 MHz-2400 MHz
Package	FCBGA-437, PBGA-441
Socket	BGA

Atom is an family of ultra-low-voltage 32 and 64-bit microprocessors and system on chips designed by Intel since 2008.

Models

Bonnell

Main article: Bonnel Microarchitecture

Bonnell was the first microarchitecture designed specifically for the ultra-low power microprocessor market. Introduced in 2008, it featured fully x86-compatible cores with a TDP of only 500 mW to 2 W, less than any other x86 processor available that the time. Bonnell's low-power came from its simplicity, being an in-order dual-issue piplined CPU. All Bonnell-based processors were manufactured on Intel's 45 nm process.

Silverthorne (MIDs, 1st Gen)

Main article: Silverthorne Core

The first series of Bonnell processors were introduced during the 2008 Intel Developer Forum (IDF) in Shanghai, China. Those 32-bit processors were based on the the Silverthorne core which were designed for the Mobile Internet Devices (MID) market. Silverthorne processors have 56 KiB of L1$ and 512 KiB of L2. Silverthorne has support for the traditional AGTL+-based FSB as well as a new low power CMOS FSB specifically introduced to reduce power.

Silverthorne chips consist of 47 million transistors on a 24.2 mm² die. All processors are a single core. Additionally all models support every x86 extension up to SSSE3 (SMM, FPU, NX, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3). The original series of chips that were introduced in 2008 featured a tiny FCBGA-437 package measuring just 13 mm x 14 mm. Intel introduced an set of new models in a much bigger 22x22 mm² FCBGA-441 package. Models ending in P use those large packages. A couple of models (those ending with 'T') also support industrial temperature ranges.

Silverthorne chips have an incredibly simple design featuring only the CPU itself on-die. The southbridge and northbridge are integrated on a secondary Poulsbo chipset which features the memory controller, an integrated graphics, and the various I/O ports.

	List of Silverthorne-based Atom Processors
	Main processor								Bus		Features
Model	Price	Process	Launched	C	T	Freq	TDP	SDP	Speed	Rate	Package	HT	VT-x
Z500	$ 45.00 € 40.50 £ 36.45 ¥ 4,649.85	45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	2 April 2008	1	2	0.8 GHz 800 MHz 800,000 kHz	650 mW 0.65 W 8.7165e-4 hp 6.5e-4 kW	960 mW 0.96 W 0.00129 hp 9.6e-4 kW	100 MHz 0.1 GHz 100,000 kHz	400 MT/s 0.4 GT/s 400,000 kT/s	FCBGA-441	✔	✘
Z510	$ 45.00 € 40.50 £ 36.45 ¥ 4,649.85	45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	2 April 2008	1	1	1.1 GHz 1,100 MHz 1,100,000 kHz	2,000 mW 2 W 0.00268 hp 0.002 kW	960 mW 0.96 W 0.00129 hp 9.6e-4 kW	100 MHz 0.1 GHz 100,000 kHz	400 MT/s 0.4 GT/s 400,000 kT/s	FCBGA-441	✘	✘
Z510P		45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	2 March 2009	1	2	1.1 GHz 1,100 MHz 1,100,000 kHz	2,000 mW 2 W 0.00268 hp 0.002 kW		100 MHz 0.1 GHz 100,000 kHz	400 MT/s 0.4 GT/s 400,000 kT/s	FCBGA-437	✔	✘
Z510PT		45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	2 March 2009	1	2	1.1 GHz 1,100 MHz 1,100,000 kHz	2,000 mW 2 W 0.00268 hp 0.002 kW		100 MHz 0.1 GHz 100,000 kHz	400 MT/s 0.4 GT/s 400,000 kT/s	FCBGA-437	✔	✘
Z515		45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	8 April 2009	1	2	1.2 GHz 1,200 MHz 1,200,000 kHz	650 mW 0.65 W 8.7165e-4 hp 6.5e-4 kW		100 MHz 0.1 GHz 100,000 kHz	400 MT/s 0.4 GT/s 400,000 kT/s	FCBGA-441	✔	✘
Z520	$ 65.00 € 58.50 £ 52.65 ¥ 6,716.45	45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	2 April 2008	1	2	1.333 GHz 1,333.33 MHz 1,333,330 kHz	2,000 mW 2 W 0.00268 hp 0.002 kW	960 mW 0.96 W 0.00129 hp 9.6e-4 kW	133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-441	✔	✔
Z520PT		45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	2 March 2009	1	2	1.333 GHz 1,333.33 MHz 1,333,330 kHz	2,000 mW 2 W 0.00268 hp 0.002 kW		133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-437	✔	✘
Z530	$ 95.00 € 85.50 £ 76.95 ¥ 9,816.35	45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	2 April 2008	1	2	1.6 GHz 1,599.99 MHz 1,599,990 kHz	2,200 mW 2.2 W 0.00295 hp 0.0022 kW		133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-441	✔	✔
Z530P		45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	2 March 2009	1	2	1.6 GHz 1,599.99 MHz 1,599,990 kHz	2,000 mW 2 W 0.00268 hp 0.002 kW		133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-437	✔	✔
Z540	$ 160.00 € 144.00 £ 129.60 ¥ 16,532.80	45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	2 April 2008	1	2	1.867 GHz 1,866.66 MHz 1,866,660 kHz	2,400 mW 2.4 W 0.00322 hp 0.0024 kW	960 mW 0.96 W 0.00129 hp 9.6e-4 kW	133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-441	✔	✔
Z550		45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	8 April 2009	1	2	2 GHz 1,999.99 MHz 1,999,990 kHz	2,400 mW 2.4 W 0.00322 hp 0.0024 kW		133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-441	✔	✔
Z560		45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	June 2010	1	2	2.133 GHz 2,133.33 MHz 2,133,330 kHz	2,500 mW 2.5 W 0.00335 hp 0.0025 kW		133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-441	✔	✔
Count: 12

Lincroft (MIDs, 2nd Gen)

Main article: Lincroft Core

Lincroft is the second generation Bonnell-based models, a successor to Silverthorne. Lincroft is drastically different to Silverthorne. It's a complete system on a chip solution, incorporating most of the functionality of the chipset on-die, including the memory controller, display controller, and integrated graphics. Lincroft, along with the Moorestown, models were introduced on May 4, 2010.

Lincroft SoCs where also fabricated on a 45 nm process but incorporate a large part of the southbridge. For those reasons the die is considerably larger, 65.25 mm² incorporating 140,000,000 transistors. As with Silverthorne, all models support every x86 extension up to SSSE3 (SMM, FPU, NX, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3). Lincroft integrates the same Imagination Technologies PowerVR SGX 535 IGP as Silverthorne but operating at double the frequency. Lincroft chips are packaged in an FCBGA-518.

Diamondville (Nettops)

Main article: Diamondville Core

Diamondville-based processors were introduced in mid-2008. Those single-core chips were designed for more complex devices such as light-weight notebooks and various nettops. One dual-core model was also introduced which featured two identical Diamondville in a single package. Diamondville processors have 56 KiB of L1$ and 512 KiB of L2 (twice as much for the dual-core variant).

Diamondville chips consist of 47 million transistors on a 25.96 mm² die. All processors are a single core (except for the 330 which features two 230 dies). Additionally all models support every x86 extension up to SSSE3 (SMM, FPU, NX, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3). These chips utilize the bigger 22x22 mm² FCBGA-441 package.

As with the Silverthorne chips, Diamondville models only incorporate the CPU therefore they must make use of the Calistoga chipset for the memory controller, integrated graphics, and I/O functionality.

	List of Diamondville-based Atom Processors
	Main processor								Bus		Features
Model	Family	Price	Process	Launched	C	T	Freq	TDP	Speed	Rate	Package	ISA	EIST	HT
230	Atom	$ 29.00 € 26.10 £ 23.49 ¥ 2,996.57	45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	3 June 2008	1	2	1.6 GHz 1,599.99 MHz 1,599,990 kHz	4 W 4,000 mW 0.00536 hp 0.004 kW	133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-437	x86-64	✘	✔
330	Atom	$ 43.00 € 38.70 £ 34.83 ¥ 4,443.19	45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	21 September 2008	2	4	1.6 GHz 1,599.99 MHz 1,599,990 kHz	8 W 8,000 mW 0.0107 hp 0.008 kW	133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-437	x86-64	✘	✔
N270	Atom	$ 44.00 € 39.60 £ 35.64 ¥ 4,546.52	45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	3 June 2008	1	2	1.6 GHz 1,599.99 MHz 1,599,990 kHz	2.5 W 2,500 mW 0.00335 hp 0.0025 kW	133.33 MHz 0.133 GHz 133,330 kHz	533.33 MT/s 0.533 GT/s 533,330 kT/s	FCBGA-437	x86-32	✔	✔
N280	Atom		45 nm 0.045 μm 4.5e-5 mm	7 February 2009	1	2	1.667 GHz 1,666.66 MHz 1,666,660 kHz	2.5 W 2,500 mW 0.00335 hp 0.0025 kW	166.66 MHz 0.167 GHz 166,660 kHz	666.66 MT/s 0.667 GT/s 666,660 kT/s	FCBGA-437	x86-32	✔	✔
Count: 4

SoCs

• Atom x3, 2015
• Atom x5, 2015
• Atom x7, 2015

Microarchitectures

T/T	Process	µarch	Intro Date	Cores
Tick	45 nm	Bonnell	2008	Silverthorne, Diamondville
Tock			2010	Lincroft, Pineview, Tunnel Creek, Stellarton, Sodaville, Groveland
Tick	32 nm	Saltwell	2011	Clover Trail, Cedar Trail
Tick	22 nm	Silvermont	2013	Bay Trail
Tock	14 nm	Airmont	2015	Cherry Trail, Braswell
Tick		Goldmont	2016