Semiconductor & Computer Engineering
From WikiChip
Cortex-X3 (Makalu-ELP) - Microarchitectures - ARM
| Edit Values | |
| Cortex-X3 (Makalu-ELP) µarch | |
| General Info | |
| Arch Type | CPU |
| Designer | ARM Holdings |
| Manufacturer | TSMC |
| Introduction | 2022 |
| Process | 10 nm, 7 nm, 5 nm |
| Core Configs | 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 |
| Pipeline | |
| Type | Superscalar, Pipelined |
| OoOE | Yes |
| Speculative | Yes |
| Reg Renaming | Yes |
| Stages | 320 |
| Decode | 6-way |
| Instructions | |
| ISA | ARMv9.0-A |
| Extensions | FPU, NEON |
| Cache | |
| L1I Cache | 64 KiB/core 4-way set associative |
| L1D Cache | 64 KiB/core 4-way set associative |
| L2 Cache | 1 MiB/core 8-way set associative |
| L3 Cache | 16 MiB/cluster 16-way set associative |
| Cores | |
| Core Names | Cortex-X3 |
| Succession | |
| Contemporary | |
| Cortex-A715 (Makalu) | |
Cortex-X3 (Makalu-ELP) is the successor to the Cortex-X2 (Matterhorn-ELP), a performance-enhanced version of the
Cortex-A715 (Makalu), low-power high-performance ARM microarchitecture designed by Arm for the mobile market.
Cortex-X
| Year | Cortex-X Core | Cortex-A Core |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Cortex-X1 (Hera) Cortex-X1C (Hera-C) |
Cortex-A78 (Hercules) Cortex-A78C (Hera Prime) |
| 2021 | Cortex-X2 (Matterhorn-ELP) |
Cortex-A710 (Matterhorn) Cortex-A510 (Klein) |
| 2022 | Cortex-X3 (Makalu-ELP) | Cortex-A715 (Makalu) |
| 2023 | Cortex-X4 (Hunter-ELP) | Cortex-A720 (Hunter) Cortex-A520 (Hayes) |
| 2024 | Cortex-X925 (Blackhawk) |
Cortex-A720AE (Hunter-AE) Cortex-A725 (Chaberton) |
| 2025 | Cortex-X930 (Travis) | Cortex-A730 (Gelas) Cortex-A530 (Nevis) |
Architecture
Key changes from Cortex-X2
The processor implements the following changes: [1]
- Instruction set ARMv9.0-A
- Decode width: 6 (increased from 5)
- Rename / Dispatch width: 8
- Up to 1 MiB of private L2 cache (increased from 1 MiB)
- Micro-operation (MOP) cache: 1.5k entries (reduced from 3k)
- Reorder buffer (ROB): 320 entries (increased from 288)
- Execution ports: 15
- Pipeline length: 9 (reduced from 10)
Performance claims:
- 25% peak performance improvement over the Cortex-X2 in smartphones
- (3.3GHz, 1MB L2, 8MB L3). [2]
- 11% IPC uplift over the Cortex-X2, when based on the same process,
- clock speed, and cache setup (also known as ISO-process).
Comparison
- "Prime" core
| Architecture | Cortex-A78 | Cortex-X1 | Cortex-X2 | Cortex-X3 | Cortex-X4 | Cortex-X925 | Cortex-X930 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code name | Hercules | Hera | Matterhorn-ELP | Makalu-ELP | Hunter-ELP | Blackhawk | Travis |
| ISA | ARMv8.2-A | ARMv9.0-A | ARMv9.2-A | ||||
| Peak clock speed | ~3.0 GHz | ~3.3 GHz | ~3.4 GHz | ~3.8 GHz | ~4.2 GHz | ||
| Max in-flight | 2x 160 | 2x 224 | 2x 288 | 2x 320 | 2x 384 | 2x 768 | |
| L0 (Mops entries) | 1536 [3] | 3072 | 1536 | 0 | |||
| L1-I + L1-D | 32+32 KiB | 64+64 KiB | 64+64 KiB | 64+64 KiB | |||
| L2 | 128–512 KiB | 0.25–1 MiB | 0.5–2 MiB | 2–3 MiB | |||
| L3 | 0–8 MiB [4] | 0–16 MiB | 0–32 MiB | ||||
| Decode width | 4 | 5 | 6 | 10 [5] | 10 | ||
| Dispatch | 6/cycle | 8/cycle | 10/cycle | ||||
References
- ↑ Schor, David (2022-06-28). Arm Unveils Next-Gen Flagship Core: Cortex-X3.
- ↑ ARM unveils Cortex-X3 (+25% peak performance) and Cortex-A715 (+20% efficiency).
- ↑ Arm's New Cortex-A78 and Cortex-X1 Microarchitectures: An Efficiency and Performance Divergence.
- ↑ Schor, David (2020-05-26). Arm Cortex-X1: The First From The Cortex-X Custom Program.
- ↑ (2023-05-29) Arm Cortex-X4, A720, and A520: 2024 smartphone CPUs deep dive.
Facts about "Cortex-X3 (Makalu-ELP) - Microarchitectures - ARM"
| codename | Cortex-X3 (Makalu-ELP) + |
| core count | 1 +, 2 +, 4 +, 6 +, 8 +, 10 + and 12 + |
| designer | ARM Holdings + |
| first launched | 2022 + |
| full page name | arm holdings/microarchitectures/cortex-x3 + |
| instance of | microarchitecture + |
| instruction set architecture | ARMv9.0-A + |
| manufacturer | TSMC + |
| microarchitecture type | CPU + |
| name | Cortex-X3 (Makalu-ELP) + |
| pipeline stages | 320 + |
| process | 10 nm (0.01 μm, 1.0e-5 mm) +, 7 nm (0.007 μm, 7.0e-6 mm) + and 5 nm (0.005 μm, 5.0e-6 mm) + |