First in computer engineering is almost always a controversial topic. Historically, many products were often designed around the same time by different organizations and were introduced around the same time. Below is a list of "firsts".
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First Microprocessor
The first microprocessor is a subject of heated debate. Below is a number of popular candidates:
With development starting in 1968 and completing around June of 1970, the MP944 chipset is one of the earliest examples of a complete VLSI micro-computer system chipset. The MP944 is 20-bit microprocessor designed by Garrett AiResearch specifically for the Grumman F-14 Tomcat's Central Air Data Computer. The project remained classified for over 40 years. In early 1970 at least three additional microprocessors were already under development. Intel started working on the 4004 in April 1970. According to a number of source, the Fairchild's PPS-25 was initially introduced in the second quarter 1971[1]. This would place it 2 quarters ahead of Intel's 4004 which was introduced in November 1971. TI announced, albeit never actually commercialized, the TMX1795 which is effectively TI's own implementation of Intel's 8008 - both were based on the same specifications drafted by the Computer Terminal Corporation.
First Commercial Microprocessor
From the list above, two processors might qualify for the "first commercial microprocessor":
First CMOS Microprocessor
The first CMOS microprocessor is the 8-bit RCA 1802 introduced in 1974.
First N-bit Microprocessor
Title Year Designer Processor Note First 4-bit Microprocessor 1971 Intel 4004 Fairchild PPS-25 First 8-bit Microprocessor 1971/2 Intel 8008 TI TMX1795 Never commercialized. First 16-bit Microprocessor 1973 National IMP-16 First 32-bit Microprocessor 1979 Bell Labs Bellmac-32 Never commercialized. 1981 Intel APX 432 First 64-bit Microprocessor 1991 MIPS Technologies R4000
First Dual-Core
The first known example of a commercial dual-core microprocessor is the COP II COP2404 (and 2440/41/42 variants) announced in 1981 and released the following year. The chip was a complete a single-chip dual-core processor.
First Neural Processor
The first commercial analog neural processor is the ETANN introduced by Intel. Below is a number of candidates for first commercial (digital/analog):
- Intel ETANN
- Fujitsu TDM Neurochip
- Micro Devices MD-1220
- American NeuraLogix NLX-420
References
- ↑ Ogdin, Jerry. "Microprocessor scorecard." Euromicro Newsletter 1.2 (1975): 43-77.