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'''Xeon''' (pronounced ''"Zee-On"'') is an extended family of high-performance [[x86]] microprocessors developed by [[Intel]] for server environments and non-consumer workstations. Over the years Xeon has grown to focus on high-bandwidth, large-memory, and highly concurrent workloads. Xeon processors typically incorporate a large number of [[cores]], large [[cache]], and support for large amount of [[main memory|memory]]. Xeon offers models for both [[uniprocessor]] or [[multiprocessor]]s. | '''Xeon''' (pronounced ''"Zee-On"'') is an extended family of high-performance [[x86]] microprocessors developed by [[Intel]] for server environments and non-consumer workstations. Over the years Xeon has grown to focus on high-bandwidth, large-memory, and highly concurrent workloads. Xeon processors typically incorporate a large number of [[cores]], large [[cache]], and support for large amount of [[main memory|memory]]. Xeon offers models for both [[uniprocessor]] or [[multiprocessor]]s. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Families == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | | '''• [[Intel Xeon]] •''' <hr>• [[Xeon Legacy|Legacy]] <br>• [[Xeon Scalable|Scalable]] | ||
+ | | • [[Xeon D|D-Series]] <br>• E-Series <br>• L-Series <br>• W-Series <br>• X-Series | ||
+ | | • '''[[Intel]]''' • <hr>• {{intel|Xeon E3}} <br>• {{intel|Xeon E5}} <br>• {{intel|Xeon E7}} | ||
+ | | • {{intel|Xeon Bronze}} <br>• {{intel|Xeon Silver}} <br>• {{intel|Xeon Gold}} <br>• {{intel|Xeon Platinum}} | ||
+ | | • '''[[Intel Pentium]]''' • <hr>• {{intel|Pentium II Xeon}} <br>• {{intel|Pentium III Xeon}} | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | === [[Xeon]] Processors === | ||
+ | {{collist | ||
+ | | count = 3 | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | :;Legacy Xeon Processors | ||
+ | *3000-Series | ||
+ | *5000-Series | ||
+ | *7000-Series | ||
+ | |||
+ | *[[Xeon D|D-Series]] | ||
+ | *E-Series | ||
+ | *L-Series | ||
+ | |||
+ | *W-Series | ||
+ | *X-Series | ||
+ | |||
+ | *'''[[Xeon E3|E3-Series]]''' | ||
+ | *E3 v2-Series | ||
+ | *E3 v3-Series | ||
+ | |||
+ | *E3 v4-Series | ||
+ | *E3 v5-Series | ||
+ | *E3 v6-Series | ||
+ | |||
+ | :;'''[[Xeon E5|E5-Series]]''' | ||
+ | *E5 v2-Series | ||
+ | *E5 v3-Series | ||
+ | *E5 v4-Series | ||
+ | |||
+ | :;'''[[Xeon E7|E7-Series]]''' | ||
+ | *E7 v2-Series | ||
+ | *E7 v3-Series | ||
+ | *E7 v4-Series | ||
+ | |||
+ | :;[[Xeon Scalable]] Processors | ||
+ | *1st Generation | ||
+ | *2nd Generation | ||
+ | *3rd Generation | ||
+ | }} | ||
== Xeon Timeline == | == Xeon Timeline == | ||
Line 57: | Line 107: | ||
! Intro !! Family !! Process !! µarch !! Core Name !! Core Count | ! Intro !! Family !! Process !! µarch !! Core Name !! Core Count | ||
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | 1998 || style="background-color: #fff5cc;" | {{intel|Pentium II Xeon}} || style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" | [[250 nm]] || style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" | {{intel|P6}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | [[ | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | 1998 || style="background-color: #fff5cc;" | {{intel|Pentium II Xeon}} || style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" rowspan="2" | [[250 nm]] || style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="3" | {{intel|P6|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Drake|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 |
+ | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
+ | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="2" | 1999 || style="background-color: #fff5cc;" rowspan="2" | {{intel|Pentium III Xeon}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Tanner|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 | ||
+ | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
+ | | style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" rowspan="2" | [[180 nm]] || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Cascades|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 | ||
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | 2001 || style="background-color: #fff5cc;" rowspan="29" | {{intel|Xeon (2001)|Xeon}} || style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="10" | {{intel|NetBurst|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Foster|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | 2002 || style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" rowspan="2" | [[130 nm]] || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Prestonia|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | 2003 || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Gallatin|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | 2004 || style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" rowspan="5" | [[90 nm]] || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Nocona|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="4" | 2005 || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Irwindale|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Paxville|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Potomac|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Cranford|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="6" | 2006 || style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" rowspan="9" | [[65 nm]] || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Dempsey|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Tulsa|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | |style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" | {{intel|Modified Pentium M|MPM|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Sossaman|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | |style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="6" | {{intel|Core|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Woodcrest|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Conroe|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Clovertown|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="5" | 2007 || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Allendale|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Kentsfield|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Tigerton|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" rowspan="9" | [[45 nm]] || style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="4" | {{intel|Penryn|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Wolfdale|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Harpertown|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="2" | 2008 || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Yorkfield|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Dunnington|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="3" | 2009 ||style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="5" | {{intel|Nehalem|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Lynnfield|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Bloomfield|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2,4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Gainestown|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2,4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="6"| 2010 || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Jasper Forest|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 1,2,4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Beckton|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" rowspan="8" | [[32 nm]] || style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="4" | {{intel|Westmere|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Clarkdale|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | |style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Gulftown|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 6 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | |style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Westmere EP|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2,4,6 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #fff5cc;" rowspan="20" | {{intel|Xeon E3}}<br>{{intel|Xeon E5}}<br>{{intel|Xeon E7}} ||style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Westmere EX|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 6,8,10 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | 2011 ||style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="4" | {{intel|Sandy Bridge|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Sandy Bridge|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2,4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="4" | 2012 || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Gladden|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Sandy Bridge EN|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Sandy Bridge EP|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" rowspan="9" | [[22 nm]] || style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="3" | {{intel|Ivy Bridge|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Ivy Bridge|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2,4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="3" | 2013 || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Gladden|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Ivy Bridge EP|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8,10,12 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | |style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" | {{intel|Haswell|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Haswell WS|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 2,4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="3" | 2014 ||style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="2" | {{intel|Ivy Bridge|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Ivy Bridge EN|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8,10 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Ivy Bridge EX|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 12,15 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | |style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="3" | {{intel|Haswell|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Haswell EP|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8,10,12,14 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="5" | 2015 || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Haswell EN|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8,10 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Haswell EX|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 8,10,12,14,16,18 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ffe6ff;" rowspan="8" | [[14 nm]] || style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="2" | {{intel|Broadwell|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Broadwell DE|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8,12,16 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Broadwell H|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | |style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" | {{intel|Skylake|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Skylake DT|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" rowspan="3" | 2016 ||style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" rowspan="2" | {{intel|Broadwell|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Broadwell EP|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | | style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Broadwell EX|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 8,10,14,16,20,22,24 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: # | + | |style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" | {{intel|Skylake|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Skylake H|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | 2017 || style="background-color: #fff5cc;" rowspan="2" | {{intel|Xeon Bronze}}<br>{{intel|Xeon Silver}}<br>{{intel|Xeon Gold}}<br>{{intel|Xeon Platinum}} || style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" | {{intel|Skylake (Server)|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Skylake SP|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28 |
|- style="height: 25px;" | |- style="height: 25px;" | ||
− | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | | + | | style="background-color: #e6f7ff;" | 2018 || style="background-color: #b3ffb3;" | {{intel|Cascade Lake|l=arch}} || style="background-color: #ebebe0;" | {{intel|Cascade Lake SP|l=core}} || style="background-color: #eeffcc;" | 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28 |
|} | |} | ||
+ | == See also == | ||
+ | * {{amd|Opteron}} | ||
+ | * {{amd|EPYC}} | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} |
Latest revision as of 08:35, 4 March 2025
Xeon | |
![]() | |
Past and current logos | |
Developer | Intel |
Manufacturer | Intel |
Type | Microprocessors |
Introduction | June 29, 1998 (announced) 1998 (launch) |
Production | 1998 |
ISA | x86-64 |
µarch | P6, NetBurst, Core, Penryn, Nehalem, Westmere, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Haswell, Broadwell, Skylake |
Word size | 32 bit 4 octets , 64 bit8 nibbles 8 octets
16 nibbles |
Process | 350 nm 0.35 μm , 250 nm3.5e-4 mm 0.25 μm , 180 nm2.5e-4 mm 0.18 μm , 65 nm1.8e-4 mm 0.065 μm , 45 nm6.5e-5 mm 0.045 μm , 32 nm4.5e-5 mm 0.032 μm , 22 nm3.2e-5 mm 0.022 μm , 14 nm2.2e-5 mm 0.014 μm
1.4e-5 mm |
Technology | CMOS |
Clock | 400 MHz-4000 MHz |
Succession | |
← | |
Pentium Pro |
Xeon (pronounced "Zee-On") is an extended family of high-performance x86 microprocessors developed by Intel for server environments and non-consumer workstations. Over the years Xeon has grown to focus on high-bandwidth, large-memory, and highly concurrent workloads. Xeon processors typically incorporate a large number of cores, large cache, and support for large amount of memory. Xeon offers models for both uniprocessor or multiprocessors.
Families[edit]
• Intel Xeon • • Legacy • Scalable |
• D-Series • E-Series • L-Series • W-Series • X-Series |
• Intel • • Xeon E3 • Xeon E5 • Xeon E7 |
• Xeon Bronze • Xeon Silver • Xeon Gold • Xeon Platinum |
• Intel Pentium • • Pentium II Xeon • Pentium III Xeon |
Xeon Processors[edit]
- Legacy Xeon Processors
- 3000-Series
- 5000-Series
- 7000-Series
- D-Series
- E-Series
- L-Series
- W-Series
- X-Series
- E3-Series
- E3 v2-Series
- E3 v3-Series
- E3 v4-Series
- E3 v5-Series
- E3 v6-Series
- E5 v2-Series
- E5 v3-Series
- E5 v4-Series
- E7 v2-Series
- E7 v3-Series
- E7 v4-Series
- Xeon Scalable Processors
- 1st Generation
- 2nd Generation
- 3rd Generation
Xeon Timeline[edit]
See also[edit]
![]() |
This article is still a stub and needs your attention. You can help improve this article by editing this page and adding the missing information. |
Facts about "Xeon - Intel"
designer | Intel + |
first announced | June 29, 1998 + |
first launched | 1998 + |
full page name | intel/xeon + |
instance of | microprocessor extended family + |
instruction set architecture | x86-64 + |
main designer | Intel + |
manufacturer | Intel + |
microarchitecture | P6 +, NetBurst +, Core +, Penryn +, Nehalem +, Westmere +, Sandy Bridge +, Ivy Bridge +, Haswell +, Broadwell + and Skylake + |
name | Xeon + |
process | 350 nm (0.35 μm, 3.5e-4 mm) +, 250 nm (0.25 μm, 2.5e-4 mm) +, 180 nm (0.18 μm, 1.8e-4 mm) +, 65 nm (0.065 μm, 6.5e-5 mm) +, 45 nm (0.045 μm, 4.5e-5 mm) +, 32 nm (0.032 μm, 3.2e-5 mm) +, 22 nm (0.022 μm, 2.2e-5 mm) + and 14 nm (0.014 μm, 1.4e-5 mm) + |
technology | CMOS + |
word size | 32 bit (4 octets, 8 nibbles) + and 64 bit (8 octets, 16 nibbles) + |