Difference between revisions of "supercomputer"

Latest revision as of 19:04, 30 October 2025

A supercomputer is a computer with considerably higher compute, memory, storage, and network capabilities than a typical mainstream computer.

Overview[edit]

A supercomputer is a computer with typically much higher compute capabilities than comprable mainstream computers. It is often built in order to solve challenging problems in science and engineering.

Though historically (1970s-1990s), supercomputers were built from individual, custom CPUs, modern systems comprise a number of individual standardized commercial systems interconnected to form a large complex system through one of the well-known interconnects architectures such as InfiniBand, Ethernet, and Omni-Path.

Models[edit]

Supercomputers • DoE

Archer • 2014 °
Archer 2 • 2020 °
Astra • 2018
Aurora • 2023 (3)
Cielo • 2010/2011
Frontera • 2019
Hector • 2007 °
Post-K (K) • 2021
Sierra • 2018
Tianhe (NUDT)
ZettaScaler • 2017

NNSA/LLNL

ATS-1 (Trinity) • 2017
ATS-3 (Crossroads) • 2023
ATS-4 (El Capitan) • 2024 (1)
ATS-5 (?) • 2025

ORNL

OLCF-2 (Jaguar) • 2008/2009
OLCF-3 (Titan) • 2012
OLCF-4 (Summit) • 2018
OLCF-5 (Frontier) • 2021 (2) ° (TOP2!)
OLCF-6 (Discovery) • 2024

NERSC

NERSC-1 (A)
NERSC-2 (MCurie)
NERSC-3 (GSeaborg)
NERSC-4 (Seaborg)
NERSC-5 (Franklin)
NERSC-6 (Hopper)
NERSC-7 (Edison)
NERSC-8 (Cori)
NERSC-9 (Perlmutter) • 2020
NERSC-10 (?) • 2024

ANL

Aurora • 2023 ° 2025/06 (3) ^ (TOP3!)
Improv • 2023
Polaris • 2021
Theta • 2017
BeBop • 2017
Cooley • 2015
Mira • 2012
Cetus • 2012
Vesta • 2012
Blues • 2012
Magellan • 2010
Jazz 2 • 2009
Intrepid • 2007
eServer • 2005
Jazz • 2002

NNSA/LLNL

El Capitan (ATS-4) • 2024 (1!) ° (TOP1!)
Tuolumne • 2024
rzAdams • 2024
rzVernal • 2022
Tioga • 2022
Tenaya • 2022
Sierra • 2018 (20)
Lassen • 2018
Ansel • 2018
Vulcan • 2012
Sequoia • 2011
ATS-6 (?) • 2026 (?)

NNSA/LANL/SNL

Cielo • 2010/2011
Trinity (ATS-1) • 2017
Crossroads (ATS-3) • 2023 (57)
ATS-5 (?) • 2025 (?)
ATS-7 (?) • 2027 (?)

NNSA/LANL

Venado • 2024
Cerrillos • 2009
Roadrunner (1-5) • 2008/2009

SNL

Astra • 2018
Mayer • 2017
Sullivan • 2015
Hammer • 2012

SNL/NNSA

Mead (CTS-2) • 2025
El Dorado (Cray) • 2024 • (El Capitan)
Hops (CTS-2) • 2024
Stout (CTS-2) • 2023
Amber (CTS-2) • 2022
Manzano (CTS-1) • 2020
Attaway (CTS-1) • 2019
Astra (Apollo) • 2018
Eclipse (CTS-1) • 2017

Cayenne (CTS-1) • 2016
Serrano (CTS-1) • 2016
Dark Ghost (CTS-1) • 2016
Sky Bridge (Cray) • 2015
Dark Bridge (Xtreme) • 2012
Dark Sand (Xtreme) • 2012
Pecos (Xtreme) • 2012
Chama (Xtreme) • 2011
Red Storm (Cray) • 2009
Thunderbird (PowerEdge) • 2005

DoE Laboratories[edit]

U.S. Department of Energy (DoE)
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF)

TOP500[edit]

TOP500 List (2025/06)

*Rank -	System	• Cores	• Rmax (PFlop/s) • Rpeak (PFlop/s) • Power (kW)

*1 El Capitan - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS, HPE 
:DOE/NNSA/LLNL, United States	• 11,039,616	• 1,742.00	• 2,746.38	• 29,581 kW
*2 Frontier - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE Cray OS, DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States • 9,066,176 • 1,353.00 • 2,055.72 • 24,607
*3 Aurora - HPE Cray EX - Intel Exascale Compute Blade, Xeon CPU Max 9470 52C 2.4GHz, Data Centr GPU Max, 
:Slingshot-11, DOE/SC/Argonne National Laboratory, United States  • 9,264,128 • 1,012.00 • 1,980.01 • 38,698
*4 JUPITER Booster - BullSequana XH3000, GH Superchip 72C 3GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, NVIDIA InfiniBand 
:NDR200, RedHat Enterprise Linux, EVIDEN, EuroHPC/FZJ, Germany	• 4,801,344 • 793.40 • 930.00 • 13,088
*5 Eagle - Microsoft NDv5, Xeon Platinum 8480C 48C 2GHz, NVIDIA H100, NVIDIA Infiniband NDR,  
Microsoft Azure, United States	• 2,073,600	• 561.20	• 846.84	
*6 HPC6 - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11, 
:RHEL 8.9, HPE, Eni S.p.A., Italy  • 3,143,520	• 477.90 • 606.97 • 8,461
*7 Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D, Fujitsu 
:RIKEN Centr for Computational Science, Japan	• 7,630,848 • 442.01 • 537.21 • 29,899
*8 Alps - HPE Cray EX254n, NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11, HPE Cray OS,
:Swiss National Supercomputing Centr (CSCS), Switzerland • 2,121,600 • 434.90 • 574.84 • 7,124
*9 LUMI - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE , EuroHPC/CSC, Finland	• 2,752,704 • 379.70 • 531.51 • 7,107
*10 Leonardo - BullSequana XH2000, Xeon Platinum 8358 32C 2.6GHz, NVIDIA A100 SXM4 64GB, NVIDIA HDR100 
:Infiniband, EVIDEN, EuroHPC/CINECA, Italy  • 1,824,768 • 241.20 • 306.31 • 7,494
*11 Isambard-AI phase 2 - HPE Cray EX254n, NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE Cray OS, HPE, University of Bristol, United Kingdom  • 1,028,160 • 216.50 • 278.58	
*12 Tuolumne - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS, 
:DOE/NNSA/LLNL, United States  • 1,161,216 • 208.10 • 288.88 • 3,387
*13 ISEG2 - Nebius NB-D-SR-IESH6, Xeon Platinum 8468 48C 2.1GHz, NVIDIA H200 SXM5 141 GB, 
:Infiniband NDR400, Ubuntu 22.04, Nebius AI, Netherlands  • 718,848 • 202.40 • 338.49 • 5,300
*14 Mare Nostrum 5 ACC - BullSequana XH3000, Xeon Platinum 8460Y+ 32C 2.3GHz, NVIDIA H100 64GB, 
:Infiniband NDR, EVIDEN , EuroHPC/BSC, Spain  • 663,040 • 175.30 • 249.44 • 4,159
*15 ABCI 3.0 - HPE Cray XD670, Xeon Platinum 8558 48C 2.1GHz, NVIDIA H200 SXM5 141GB, Infiniband NDR200,
:Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan • 479,232 • 145.10 • 181.49 • 3,596
*16 Eos NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD - NVIDIA DGX H100, Xeon Platinum 8480C 56C 3.8GHz, NVIDIA H100, 
:Infiniband NDR400, Nvidia, NVIDIA Corporation, United States  • 485,888 • 121.40 • 188.65	
*17 Discovery 6 - HPE Cray EX254n, NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE Cray OS, HPE , ExxonMobil, United States   • 822,528 • 118.60 • 222.86	
*18 SSC-24 - HPE Cray XD670, Xeon Gold 6430 32C 2.1GHz, NVIDIA H100 SXM5 80GB, Infiniband NDR400, 
:RHEL 9.2, HPE , Samsung Electronics, South Korea  • 349,440 • 106.20 • 151.10	
*19 Venado - HPE Cray EX254n, NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE, DOE/NNSA/LANL, United States  • 481,440 • 98.51 • 130.44 • 1,662
*20 Sierra - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Mellanox EDR Infiniband, 
:IBM/NVIDIA/Mellanox, DOE/NNSA/LLNL, United States • 1,572,480 • 94.64 • 125.71 • 7,438
*21 Sunway TaihuLight - Sunway MPP, Sunway SW26010 260C 1.45GHz, Sunway, NRCPC 
:National Supercomputing Centr in Wuxi, China  • 10,649,600 • 93.01 • 125.44 • 15,371
*22 CHIE-3 - NVIDIA DGX H100, Xeon Platinum 8480C 56C 2GHz, NVIDIA H100, Infiniband NDR400, 
:Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS, Nvidia , SoftBank Corp., Japan • 297,840 • 91.94 • 138.32	
*23 CEA-HE - BullSequana XH3000, GH Superchip 72C 3GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Quad-Rail BXI v2, Linux, 
:EVIDEN , Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), France • 548,352 • 90.79 • 171.26 • 1,770
*24 CHIE-2 - NVIDIA DGX H100, Xeon Platinum 8480C 56C 2GHz, NVIDIA H100, Infiniband NDR400, 
:Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS, Nvidia , SoftBank Corp., Japan • 297,840 • 89.78 • 138.32	
*25 Perlmutter - HPE Cray EX 235n, AMD EPYC 7763 64C 2.45GHz, NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE, DOE/SC/LBNL/NERSC, United States  • 888,832  • 79.23 • 113.00 • 2,945
*26 Njoerd - HPE Cray XD670, Xeon Platinum 8462Y+ 32C 2.8GHz, NVIDIA H100 SXM5 80GB, Infiniband NDR400, 
:Ubuntu 22.04, HPE, Northern Data Group, United Kingdom	  • 273,280 • 78.20 • 106.28	
*27 ABCI-Q - Supermicro SYS-221GE-TNHT-LCC, Intel Xeon Platinum 8558 48C 2.1GHz, NVIDIA H100 SXM5 80GB, 
:Infiniband NDR, Rocky Linux 9.4, AIST, Fujitsu, Japan • 315,120  • 74.58 • 99.35 • 1,834
*28 El Dorado - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS,
:Sandia National Laboratories, United States  • 383,040 • 68.02 • 95.29 • 1,110
*29 Gefion - NVIDIA DGX H100, Xeon Platinum 8480C 56C 2GHz, NVIDIA H100 SXM5 80GB, HDR100 Infiniband, 
:Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Danish Centr for AI Innovation, Denmark • 223,088 • 66.59 • 100.63 • 1,753
*30 Selene - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband, Nvidia 
:NVIDIA Corporation, United States • 555,520  • 63.46 • 79.22 • 2,646

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 |-
 |width="30%" valign="top" align="left"|
-*{{sc|Archer}}
+*{{sc|Archer}} • 2014 °
-*{{sc|Archer 2}}
+*{{sc|Archer 2}} • 2020 °
-*{{sc|Astra}}
+*{{sc|Astra}} • 2018
 *{{sc|Aurora}} • 2023 (3)
-*{{sc|Cielo}}
+*{{sc|Cielo}} • 2010/2011
-*{{sc|Frontera}}
+*{{sc|Frontera}} • 2019
-*{{sc|Hector}}
+*{{sc|Hector}} • 2007 °
-*{{sc|Post-K}}
+*{{sc|Post-K}} (K) • 2021
-*{{sc|Sierra}}
+*{{sc|Sierra}} • 2018
-*[[nudt/tianhe|Tianhe]]
+*[[nudt/tianhe|Tianhe]] ([[NUDT]])
-*[[zettascaler|ZettaScaler]]
+*[[zettascaler|ZettaScaler]] • 2017
 |width="30%" valign="top" align="left"|
 :;NNSA/LLNL
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 * {{sc|OLCF-3}} ({{sc|Titan}}) • 2012
 * {{sc|OLCF-4}} ({{sc|Summit}}) • 2018
-* {{sc|OLCF-5}} ({{sc|Frontier}}) • 2021 (2) ° (TOP2!)
+* {{sc|OLCF-5}} ('''{{sc|Frontier}}''') • 2021 (2) ° (TOP2!)
 * {{sc|OLCF-6}} ({{sc|Discovery}}) • 2024
 |width="30%" valign="top" align="left"|
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 * {{sc|NERSC-10}} (?) • 2024
 |}
+----
 {| border="0" cellpadding="5" width="90%"
 |-
 |width="30%" valign="top" align="left"|
 :;ANL
-*{{sc|Aurora}} • 2023 ° 2025/06 (3) ^ (TOP3!)
+*'''{{sc|Aurora}}''' • 2023 ° 2025/06 (3) ^ (TOP3!)
 *{{sc|Improv}} • 2023
 *{{sc|Polaris}} • 2021
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 |width="30%" valign="top" align="left"|
 :;NNSA/LLNL
-*{{sc|El Capitan}} ({{sc|ATS-4}}) • 2024 (1!) ° (TOP1!)
+*'''{{sc|El Capitan}}''' ({{sc|ATS-4}}) • 2024 (1!) ° (TOP1!)
 *{{sc|Tuolumne}} • 2024
 *{{sc|rzAdams}} • 2024
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 *{{sc|Vulcan}} • 2012
 *{{sc|Sequoia}} • 2011
+*{{sc|ATS-6}} (?) • 2026 (?)
 |width="30%" valign="top" align="left"|
 :;NNSA/LANL/SNL
@@ Line 89: / Line 90: @@
 *{{sc|Crossroads}} ({{sc|ATS-3}}) • 2023 (57)
 *{{sc|ATS-5}} (?) • 2025 (?)
-*{{sc|ATS-6}} (?) • 2026 (?)
 *{{sc|ATS-7}} (?) • 2027 (?)
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 *{{sc|Cerrillos}} • 2009
 *{{sc|Roadrunner}} (1-5) • 2008/2009
+:;SNL
+*{{sc|Astra}} • 2018
+*{{sc|Mayer}} • 2017
+*{{sc|Sullivan}} • 2015
+*{{sc|Hammer}} • 2012
+|}
+----
+{| border="0" cellpadding="5" width="60%"
+|-
+|width="30%" valign="top" align="left"|
+:;SNL/NNSA
+*{{sc|Mead}} (CTS-2) • 2025
+*{{sc|El Dorado}} (Cray) • 2024 • ({{sc|El Capitan}})
+*{{sc|Hops}} (CTS-2) • 2024
+*{{sc|Stout}} (CTS-2) • 2023
+*{{sc|Amber}} (CTS-2) • 2022
+*{{sc|Manzano}} (CTS-1) • 2020
+*{{sc|Attaway}} (CTS-1) • 2019
+*'''{{sc|Astra}}''' (Apollo) • 2018
+*{{sc|Eclipse}} (CTS-1) • 2017
+|width="30%" valign="top" align="left"|
+*{{sc|Cayenne}} (CTS-1) • 2016
+*{{sc|Serrano}} (CTS-1) • 2016
+*{{sc|Dark Ghost}} (CTS-1) • 2016
+*{{sc|Sky Bridge}} (Cray) • 2015
+*{{sc|Dark Bridge}} (Xtreme) • 2012
+*{{sc|Dark Sand}} (Xtreme) • 2012
+*{{sc|Pecos}} (Xtreme) • 2012
+*{{sc|Chama}} (Xtreme) • 2011
+*{{sc|Red Storm}} (Cray) • 2009
+*{{sc|Thunderbird}} (PowerEdge) • 2005
 |}
+----
 === DoE Laboratories ===
 *[[U.S. Department of Energy]] ([[DoE]])
@@ Line 105: / Line 137: @@
 *Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
 *Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
+*Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)
+*Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
 *Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF)
-*Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
 == TOP500 ==

WikiChip

The Fuse Coverage

Social Media

Companies

Microarchitectures

Technology Nodes

Intel

AMD

ARM

Cavium

Samsung

Intel

AMD

Ampere

Apple

Cavium

HiSilicon

MediaTek

NXP

Qualcomm

Renesas