A supercomputer is a computer with considerably higher compute, memory, storage, and network capabilities than a typical mainstream computer.

Overview

A supercomputer is a computer with typically much higher compute capabilities than comprable mainstream computers. It is often built in order to solve challenging problems in science and engineering.

Though historically (1970s-1990s), supercomputers were built from individual, custom CPUs, modern systems comprise a number of individual standardized commercial systems interconnected to form a large complex system through one of the well-known interconnects architectures such as InfiniBand, Ethernet, and Omni-Path.

Models

Supercomputers • DoE

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DoE Laboratories

• U.S. Department of Energy (DoE)
• National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
• National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
• Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
• Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)
• Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
• Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF)

TOP500

• TOP500 List (2025/06)

*Rank -	System	• Cores	• Rmax (PFlop/s) • Rpeak (PFlop/s) • Power (kW)

*1 El Capitan - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS, HPE 
:DOE/NNSA/LLNL, United States	• 11,039,616	• 1,742.00	• 2,746.38	• 29,581 kW
*2 Frontier - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE Cray OS, DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States • 9,066,176 • 1,353.00 • 2,055.72 • 24,607
*3 Aurora - HPE Cray EX - Intel Exascale Compute Blade, Xeon CPU Max 9470 52C 2.4GHz, Data Centr GPU Max, 
:Slingshot-11, DOE/SC/Argonne National Laboratory, United States  • 9,264,128 • 1,012.00 • 1,980.01 • 38,698
*4 JUPITER Booster - BullSequana XH3000, GH Superchip 72C 3GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, NVIDIA InfiniBand 
:NDR200, RedHat Enterprise Linux, EVIDEN, EuroHPC/FZJ, Germany	• 4,801,344 • 793.40 • 930.00 • 13,088
*5 Eagle - Microsoft NDv5, Xeon Platinum 8480C 48C 2GHz, NVIDIA H100, NVIDIA Infiniband NDR,  
Microsoft Azure, United States	• 2,073,600	• 561.20	• 846.84	
*6 HPC6 - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11, 
:RHEL 8.9, HPE, Eni S.p.A., Italy  • 3,143,520	• 477.90 • 606.97 • 8,461
*7 Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D, Fujitsu 
:RIKEN Centr for Computational Science, Japan	• 7,630,848 • 442.01 • 537.21 • 29,899
*8 Alps - HPE Cray EX254n, NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11, HPE Cray OS,
:Swiss National Supercomputing Centr (CSCS), Switzerland • 2,121,600 • 434.90 • 574.84 • 7,124
*9 LUMI - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE , EuroHPC/CSC, Finland	• 2,752,704 • 379.70 • 531.51 • 7,107
*10 Leonardo - BullSequana XH2000, Xeon Platinum 8358 32C 2.6GHz, NVIDIA A100 SXM4 64GB, NVIDIA HDR100 
:Infiniband, EVIDEN, EuroHPC/CINECA, Italy  • 1,824,768 • 241.20 • 306.31 • 7,494
*11 Isambard-AI phase 2 - HPE Cray EX254n, NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE Cray OS, HPE, University of Bristol, United Kingdom  • 1,028,160 • 216.50 • 278.58	
*12 Tuolumne - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS, 
:DOE/NNSA/LLNL, United States  • 1,161,216 • 208.10 • 288.88 • 3,387
*13 ISEG2 - Nebius NB-D-SR-IESH6, Xeon Platinum 8468 48C 2.1GHz, NVIDIA H200 SXM5 141 GB, 
:Infiniband NDR400, Ubuntu 22.04, Nebius AI, Netherlands  • 718,848 • 202.40 • 338.49 • 5,300
*14 Mare Nostrum 5 ACC - BullSequana XH3000, Xeon Platinum 8460Y+ 32C 2.3GHz, NVIDIA H100 64GB, 
:Infiniband NDR, EVIDEN , EuroHPC/BSC, Spain  • 663,040 • 175.30 • 249.44 • 4,159
*15 ABCI 3.0 - HPE Cray XD670, Xeon Platinum 8558 48C 2.1GHz, NVIDIA H200 SXM5 141GB, Infiniband NDR200,
:Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan • 479,232 • 145.10 • 181.49 • 3,596
*16 Eos NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD - NVIDIA DGX H100, Xeon Platinum 8480C 56C 3.8GHz, NVIDIA H100, 
:Infiniband NDR400, Nvidia, NVIDIA Corporation, United States  • 485,888 • 121.40 • 188.65	
*17 Discovery 6 - HPE Cray EX254n, NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE Cray OS, HPE , ExxonMobil, United States   • 822,528 • 118.60 • 222.86	
*18 SSC-24 - HPE Cray XD670, Xeon Gold 6430 32C 2.1GHz, NVIDIA H100 SXM5 80GB, Infiniband NDR400, 
:RHEL 9.2, HPE , Samsung Electronics, South Korea  • 349,440 • 106.20 • 151.10	
*19 Venado - HPE Cray EX254n, NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE, DOE/NNSA/LANL, United States  • 481,440 • 98.51 • 130.44 • 1,662
*20 Sierra - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Mellanox EDR Infiniband, 
:IBM/NVIDIA/Mellanox, DOE/NNSA/LLNL, United States • 1,572,480 • 94.64 • 125.71 • 7,438
*21 Sunway TaihuLight - Sunway MPP, Sunway SW26010 260C 1.45GHz, Sunway, NRCPC 
:National Supercomputing Centr in Wuxi, China  • 10,649,600 • 93.01 • 125.44 • 15,371
*22 CHIE-3 - NVIDIA DGX H100, Xeon Platinum 8480C 56C 2GHz, NVIDIA H100, Infiniband NDR400, 
:Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS, Nvidia , SoftBank Corp., Japan • 297,840 • 91.94 • 138.32	
*23 CEA-HE - BullSequana XH3000, GH Superchip 72C 3GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Quad-Rail BXI v2, Linux, 
:EVIDEN , Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), France • 548,352 • 90.79 • 171.26 • 1,770
*24 CHIE-2 - NVIDIA DGX H100, Xeon Platinum 8480C 56C 2GHz, NVIDIA H100, Infiniband NDR400, 
:Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS, Nvidia , SoftBank Corp., Japan • 297,840 • 89.78 • 138.32	
*25 Perlmutter - HPE Cray EX 235n, AMD EPYC 7763 64C 2.45GHz, NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB, Slingshot-11, 
:HPE, DOE/SC/LBNL/NERSC, United States  • 888,832  • 79.23 • 113.00 • 2,945
*26 Njoerd - HPE Cray XD670, Xeon Platinum 8462Y+ 32C 2.8GHz, NVIDIA H100 SXM5 80GB, Infiniband NDR400, 
:Ubuntu 22.04, HPE, Northern Data Group, United Kingdom	  • 273,280 • 78.20 • 106.28	
*27 ABCI-Q - Supermicro SYS-221GE-TNHT-LCC, Intel Xeon Platinum 8558 48C 2.1GHz, NVIDIA H100 SXM5 80GB, 
:Infiniband NDR, Rocky Linux 9.4, AIST, Fujitsu, Japan • 315,120  • 74.58 • 99.35 • 1,834
*28 El Dorado - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS,
:Sandia National Laboratories, United States  • 383,040 • 68.02 • 95.29 • 1,110
*29 Gefion - NVIDIA DGX H100, Xeon Platinum 8480C 56C 2GHz, NVIDIA H100 SXM5 80GB, HDR100 Infiniband, 
:Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Danish Centr for AI Innovation, Denmark • 223,088 • 66.59 • 100.63 • 1,753
*30 Selene - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband, Nvidia 
:NVIDIA Corporation, United States • 555,520  • 63.46 • 79.22 • 2,646

See also

• AMD • EPYC
• Intel • Xeon
• IBM • NVIDIA
• DoE • NERSC