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| − | {{ | + | {{Microprocessor |
| − | + | |name = Intel 4004 | |
| − | |name=4004 | + | |image = [[File:C4004 (Intel).jpg|250px]] |
| − | |image= | + | |developer = [[Intel]] |
| − | | | + | |intro_date = March 1971 |
| − | | | + | |model = 4004 |
| − | | | + | |transistors = 2,300 |
| − | |model | + | |cores = 1 |
| − | + | |clock = 740 KHz | |
| − | + | |bus_width = 4-bit | |
| − | + | |lithography = 10μm | |
| − | + | |tdp = 0.63 [[Watts|W]] | |
| − | + | |mem_max = 4[[KB]] (program)<br />640[[B]] (RAM) | |
| − | + | |package = 16-pin [[Dual in-line package|DIP]] | |
| − | + | |}} | |
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| − | The microprocessor had a limited architecture, such as: only a 3-levels deep [[stack]], a complex memory access scheme, and no [[interrupt]] support. In | + | The '''Intel 4004''' was released by [[Intel Corporation]] in 1971 and was the first commercially available [[microprocessor]]. The 4004 was a [[4-bit CPU]], designed for use in the Busicom 141-PF printing calculator<ref>[http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/museum-story-of-intel-4004.html The Story of the Intel® 4004]</ref>. The chip, which is clocked at 740 KHz, employs a 10µm<ref>[http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/DataSheet/4004_datasheet.pdf 4004 Datasheet]</ref> process silicon-gate, capable of executing 92,000 instructions per second. The chip was capable of accessing 4KB of [[program memory]] and 640 bytes of RAM. The 4004 was part of the [[Intel MCS4]] system. |
| + | |||
| + | The microprocessor had a limited architecture, such as: only a 3-levels deep [[stack]], a complex memory access scheme, and no [[interrupt]] support. In 1974 Intel released an enhanced version of the chip called the [[Intel 4040|4040]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == History == | ||
| + | [[File:1971 Intel Advertisement.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|An ad for the 4004 in the Nov. 15, 1971 issue of [[Wikipedia:Electronic News|Electronic News]]]] | ||
| + | Before Federico Faggin joined Intel in 1970, the development of the 4004 was stall and dreadful. Federico developed several design innovations at Intel that made it possible to fit the microprocessor in one chip, including new methodology for random logic chip design using silicon gate technology<ref>Faggin. Il padre del chip intelligente, Angelo Gallippi, 2002, 88-7118-149-2</ref>. Faggin developed the 4004 testing tool, chip and logic design concurrently with the layout of all the chips of the entire MCS-4 system. | ||
| + | |||
| + | In November of 1971, a memory chip manufacturer by the name of [[Intel]] publicly announced the world's first single chip microprocessor, in the Nov. 15 issue of [[Wikipedia:Electronic News|Electronic News]]. The prophetic ad read: ''"Announcing a new era in integrated electronics"''. The chip was designed by Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff and Masatoshi Shima; it received U.S. Patent [http://www.google.com/patents/US3821715 #3,821,715]. The original 4004 chips were shipped in a 16-pin ceramic [[Dual in-line package|DIP]]. | ||
== Variations == | == Variations == | ||
| − | [[File:KL National INS4004.jpg| | + | [[File:KL National INS4004.jpg|300px;px|thumbnail|left|A National Semiconductor version of the 4004, INS4004J]] |
Three primary source variations were produced by Intel: C4004, D4004 and the P4004. The ''Intel C4004'' was the first chip to be manufactured; it had the gray traces visible on the white ceramic package itself. The C4004 was produced up until mid 1976, when production for the ''Intel D4004'' began. The D4004 had a plastic, black ceramic package. The ''Intel P4004'' is the plastic packaging version. | Three primary source variations were produced by Intel: C4004, D4004 and the P4004. The ''Intel C4004'' was the first chip to be manufactured; it had the gray traces visible on the white ceramic package itself. The C4004 was produced up until mid 1976, when production for the ''Intel D4004'' began. The D4004 had a plastic, black ceramic package. The ''Intel P4004'' is the plastic packaging version. | ||
| − | + | Only two known secondary sources exists, which has been developed by National Semiconductor and Hitachi since mid-1975. National Semiconductor produced two versions: ''INS4004J'' and ''INS4004D''. The ''INS4004J'' is a 16-pin black, ceramic DIP, while the ''INS4004D'' version is a 16-pin side-brazed, ceramic DIP. The other source was the [[Hitachi HD35404|HD35404]] made by [[Hitachi]]. | |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| Intel || P4004 || 16-pin Plastic DIP | | Intel || P4004 || 16-pin Plastic DIP | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | National Semiconductor || INS4004D || 16-pin Ceramic DIP |
|- | |- | ||
| National Semiconductor || INS4004J || 16-pin side-brazed Ceramic DIP | | National Semiconductor || INS4004J || 16-pin side-brazed Ceramic DIP | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[Hitachi]] | + | | Hitachi || [[Hitachi HD35404|HD35404]] || 16-pin DIP |
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|} | |} | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Collectability == | ||
| + | Due to its notability statues and historic value, the Intel 4004 is very collectible among collectors and non-collectors alike. The ''C4004'' white, ceramic package models are the most sought-after versions, and can easily sell for hundreds of dollars. | ||
== Pinout == | == Pinout == | ||
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| 7 || Clock Phase 2 | | 7 || Clock Phase 2 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 8 || Sync || ROM & RAM Sync || Synchronizes the ROM and RAM by signaling the clock is on the | + | | 8 || Sync || ROM & RAM Sync || Synchronizes the ROM and RAM by signaling the clock is on the raising edge. |
|- | |- | ||
| 9 || Reset || Reset flag || A logic 1 clears all processor status registers and forces the program counter to jump to address 0x0. The RESET signal must be on for at least 64 clock cycles in order to take effect. | | 9 || Reset || Reset flag || A logic 1 clears all processor status registers and forces the program counter to jump to address 0x0. The RESET signal must be on for at least 64 clock cycles in order to take effect. | ||
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| 12 || V<sub>DD</sub> || V<sub>SS</sub> -15±5% || | | 12 || V<sub>DD</sub> || V<sub>SS</sub> -15±5% || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 13 || CM-RAM<sub>3</sub> || rowspan="4" | CM- | + | | 13 || CM-RAM<sub>3</sub> || rowspan="4" | CM-ROM outputs || rowspan="4" | Bank selection signal for the [[Intel 4002|4002 RAM]] chips in the system. |
|- | |- | ||
| 14 || CM-RAM<sub>2</sub> | | 14 || CM-RAM<sub>2</sub> | ||
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| 16 || CM-RAM<sub>0</sub> | | 16 || CM-RAM<sub>0</sub> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{DEFAULTSORT:4004, Intel}} | ||
| + | [[Category:Intel microprocessors]] | ||
| + | [[Category:4-bit microprocessors]] | ||
| + | [[Category:1971 microprocessors]] | ||
Facts about "4004 - Intel"
| base frequency | 0.5 MHz (5.0e-4 GHz, 500 kHz) + and 0.74 MHz (7.4e-4 GHz, 740 kHz) + |
| chipset | 4001 +, 4002 + and 4003 + |
| core count | 1 + |
| core voltage | 15 V (150 dV, 1,500 cV, 15,000 mV) + |
| core voltage tolerance | 5% + |
| designer | Ted Hoff +, Federico Faggin +, Stan Mazor +, Intel + and Masatoshi Shim + |
| die area | 12 mm² (0.0186 in², 0.12 cm², 12,000,000 µm²) + |
| die length | 4 mm (0.4 cm, 0.157 in, 4,000 µm) + |
| die width | 3 mm (0.3 cm, 0.118 in, 3,000 µm) + |
| family | MCS-4 + |
| first announced | November 15, 1971 + |
| first launched | December 1971 + |
| full page name | intel/mcs-4/4004 + |
| instance of | microprocessor + |
| isa | 4004 + |
| isa family | 4004 + |
| last order | 1982 + |
| ldate | December 1971 + |
| main image |  + |
| main image caption | 4004 in CerDIP + |
| manufacturer | Intel + |
| market segment | Commercial + and Industrial + |
| max ambient temperature | 343.15 K (70 °C, 158 °F, 617.67 °R) + |
| max memory address | 4 kB + |
| max storage temperature | 398.15 K (125 °C, 257 °F, 716.67 °R) + |
| microarchitecture | 4004 + |
| min ambient temperature | 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F, 491.67 °R) + |
| min storage temperature | 218.15 K (-55 °C, -67 °F, 392.67 °R) + |
| model number | 4004 + |
| name | 4004 + |
| part number | C4004 +, P4004 + and D4004 + |
| power dissipation | 1 W (1,000 mW, 0.00134 hp, 0.001 kW) + |
| process | 10,000 nm (10 μm, 0.01 mm) + |
| series | MCS + |
| technology | pMOS + |
| thread count | 1 + |
| transistor count | 2,250 + |
| word size | 4 bit (0.5 octets, 1 nibbles) + |
