A supercomputer is a computer with considerably higher compute, memory, storage, and network capabilities than a typical mainstream computer.

Models

Archer Archer 2 Astra Aurora • 2024 (3) Cielo Frontera Hector Post-K Sierra Tianhe ZettaScaler

NNSA/LLNL ATS-1 (Trinity) ATS-3 (Crossroads) ATS-4 (El Capitan) • 2024 (1) ATS-5 (?) ORNL • DoE OLCF-2 (Jaguar) OLCF-3 (Titan) OLCF-4 (Summit) OLCF-5 (Frontier) OLCF-6 (Discovery) • 2024

NERSC NERSC-1 (A) NERSC-2 (MCurie) NERSC-3 (GSeaborg) NERSC-4 (Seaborg) NERSC-5 (Franklin) NERSC-6 (Hopper) NERSC-7 (Edison) NERSC-8 (Cori) NERSC-9 (Perlmutter) NERSC-10 (?)

Overview

A supercomputer is a computer with typically much higher compute capabilities than comprable mainstream computers. It is often built in order to solve challenging problems in science and engineering.

Though historically (1970s-1990s), supercomputers were built from individual, custom CPUs, modern systems comprise a number of individual standardized commercial systems interconnected to form a large complex system through one of the well-known interconnects architectures such as InfiniBand, Ethernet, and Omni-Path.

System	Year	Vendor	Cores	Rmax (GFlop/s)	Rpeak (GFlop/s)

*Discovery (OLCF-6) - HPE
*Frontier (OLCF-5) - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation 
:EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11, HPE Cray OS	
:2021	HPE	9,066,176	1,353,000,000	2,055,716,990
*Summit (OLCF-4) - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, 
:NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband	
:2018	IBM	2,414,592	148,600,000	200,794,880
*Frontier TDS - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation 
:EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11	
:2021	HPE	120,832	19,200,000	23,105,540
*Titan - Cray XK7, Opteron 6274 16C 2.200GHz, Cray Gemini interconnect, NVIDIA K20x	
:2012	Cray/HPE	560,640	17,590,000	27,112,550
*Jaguar - Cray XK6, Opteron 6274 16C 2.200GHz, Cray Gemini interconnect, NVIDIA 2090	
:2009	Cray/HPE	298,592	1,941,000	2,627,609
*Jaguar - Cray XT5 QC 2.3 GHz	
:2008	Cray/HPE	150,152	1,059,000	1,381,400
*Jaguar - Cray XT4 QuadCore 2.1 GHz	
:2008	Cray/HPE	30,976	205,000	260,200
*Jaguar - Cray XT4/XT3	
:2006	Cray/HPE	23,016	101,700	119,350
*Jaguar - Cray XT3, 2.6 GHz dual Core	
:2006	Cray/HPE	10,424	43,480	54,204.8
*Blue Gene/P Solution	
:2007	IBM	8,192	23,862	27,850
*Jaguar - Cray XT3, 2.4 GHz	
:2005	Cray/HPE	5,200	20,527	24,960