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Falkor µarch
General Info
Arch Type	CPU
Designer	Qualcomm
Manufacturer	Samsung
Introduction	November 8, 2017
Process	10 nm
Core Configs	40, 46, 48
Pipeline
Type	Superscalar, Superpipeline
OoOE	Yes
Speculative	Yes
Reg Renaming	Yes
Stages	10-15
Decode	4-way
Instructions
ISA	ARMv8
Extensions	Hypervisor (EL2), TrustZone (EL3), NEON, CRC32, Crypto, FP, RDM
Cache
L1I Cache	64 KiB/core 8-way set associative
L1D Cache	32 KiB/core 8-way set associative
L2 Cache	512 KiB/duplex 8-way set associative
L3 Cache	5 MiB/block 20-way set associative
Succession
Saphira

Falkor is an ARM microarchitecture designed by Qualcomm for the server market. Falkor-based microprocessors are manufactured on a 10 nm process and sold under the Centriq brand.

Codenames

Core	Platform	Family
Falkor	Amberwing	Centriq

Process Technology

Further information: 10 nm lithography process

Falkor-based chips are manufactured on Samsung's 10nm 10LPE.

Architecture

Falkor is a new architecture designed by Qualcomm from the ground up for the server market. While some of the core architecture ressmbles Qualcomm's mobile cores, the overall system architecture is considerably different to anything Qualcomm has previously designed.

Overview

• Core
  • 1 V nominal operating voltage
  • 64-bit ARM
    • AArch64 only
      • Fully ARMv8-compliant
    • Supports EL3 (TrustZone)
    • Supports EL2 (hypervisor)
    • Supports AES, SHA1, SHA2-256 optional cryptography instructions
  • Out-of-order Pipeline
    • 4-way Decode
      • 3 instructions + 1 direct branch per cycle
    • 8-way Scheduler
    • 256-entry ReOrder Buffer
    • 76-entry Scheduler
    • 4 instructions/cycle retirement
    • 16B load + 16B store per cycle
• Core Duplex
  • 2 cores in a duplex
    • Shared L2 per duplex

Block Diagram

System Overview

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Individual Core

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Memory Hierarchy

• L0I Cache:
  • 24 KiB, 3-way set associative
  • 64-byte lines
  • way-predicted
  • parity with auto-correct
  • 0 cycle penalty for L0 hit
  • Exclusive of L1
• L1I Cache:
  • 64 KiB, 8-way set associative
  • 64-byte lines
  • parity with auto-correct
  • 4 cycles penalty for hit (L0 miss)
    • Hardware prefetch on L1 misses
• L1D Cache:
  • 32 KiB, 8-way set associative
  • 64-byte lines
  • Write-through, read-allocate, write-no-allocate
  • Split virtual and physical tags
  • parity with auto-correct
  • 3 cycles minimum latency on hits
• L2 Cache:
  • Per duplex (shared by both cores)
  • Unified 512 KiB, 8-way set associative
  • 128-byte lines, interleaved
  • Inclusive of L1D$ (both cores)
  • ECC, single-error correction / double-error detection (SEC/DED)
  • 15 cycles minimum latency on hits
  • 32 B per direction per interleave per cycle
• L3 Cache:
  • Distributed in 12 blocks along the ring
  • 5 MiB/block (60 MiB in total)
  • 20-way set associative
  • 128-byte lines, 128 B interleaved
  • Non-inclusive
    • Standard cache or victim mode
  • ECC, single-error correction / double-error detection (SEC/DED)
  • Integrated L2 Snoop Filter
  • QoS
    • Way-based partitioning
  • Line and Way -based locking support
• System DRAM:
  • 768 GiB Max
  • x64 DDR4-2666 memory
  • ECC, single-error correction / double-error detection (SEC/DED)
  • 6 channels, interleaved
    • Up to quad-rank 3DS
    • 16-128 GiB/channel
    • RDIMM/LRDIMM

• TLBs:
  • DTLB
    • 64-entry
  • STLB
    • 512-entry "final"
    • 64-entry "non-final"
    • 64-entry Stage-2

Overview

The chip has been designed by Qualcomm specifically for the data center. Specifically this architecture is an attempt to address high concurrency, high thread density while maintaining isolation and quality of service between the processes. The overall chip consists of 24 core duplexes incorporating 48 cores on a ring interconnect along with 6 channels of DDR4 and L3 cache distributed across the ring. The chip also integrates 32 PCIe 3.0 lanes, 8 SATA gen 3.0 lanes, and a mixture of various other I/O peripherals.

System Architecture

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Core

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Die

• Samsung's 10 nm process (10LPE)
• 18,000,000,000 transistors
• 398 mm² die size

Additional Shots

Additional wafer shots by Qualcomm.

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All Falkor-based chips

	List of Falkor-based Processors
	Main processor
Model	Price	Launched	Cores	Threads	L3$	Frequency	Turbo	TDP
2434	$ 888.00 € 799.20 £ 719.28 ¥ 91,757.04	8 November 2017	40	40	50 MiB 51,200 KiB 52,428,800 B 0.0488 GiB	2.3 GHz 2,300 MHz 2,300,000 kHz	2.5 GHz 2,500 MHz 2,500,000 kHz	110 W 110,000 mW 0.148 hp 0.11 kW
2452	$ 1,383.00 € 1,244.70 £ 1,120.23 ¥ 142,905.39	8 November 2017	46	46	57.5 MiB 58,880 KiB 60,293,120 B 0.0562 GiB	2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz	2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz	120 W 120,000 mW 0.161 hp 0.12 kW
2460	$ 1,995.00 € 1,795.50 £ 1,615.95 ¥ 206,143.35	8 November 2017	48	48	60 MiB 61,440 KiB 62,914,560 B 0.0586 GiB	2.2 GHz 2,200 MHz 2,200,000 kHz	2.6 GHz 2,600 MHz 2,600,000 kHz	120 W 120,000 mW 0.161 hp 0.12 kW
Count: 3

References

• Thomas Speier & Barry Wolford, "Qualcomm Centriq 2400 Processor." Hot Chips 29 Symposium (HCS), 2017 IEEE. IEEE, 2017.
• ​Barry Wolford, "Architecting a multi-core server SoC for the cloud", 2017 Linley Processor Conference

Documents

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