The TMS1000 Series was a family of 4-bit microprocessors designed and manufactured by Texas Instruments in the early 1970s. Originally made using pMOS technology, TI later expended the family into nMOS and CMOS.

History

In September of 1971, the TMS1000 was completed. It was the first microprocessors ever created, designed by Texas Instruments engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran. Gary patented the invention on Aug 31, 1971. On Sep 4, 1973, he was awarded U.S. Patent 3,757,306. Unlike Intel's chips, TI's was not placed into the general market until 1974. Instead TI used the chip for their calculators.

After being slightly refined, the chip was released to general market in 1974. A few dozen different variations were created with various ROM and RAM sizes. Due to its cheap price, the TMS1000 family enjoyed a tremendous success in consumer electronics being used in everything from calculators, toys, games, and various appliances as well as photocopying machines and juke boxes.

Overview

The TMS 1000 had a relatively simple design with only 43 instructions and 2 general purpose registers. Similar to the Intel 4004, the chip only had a single level of stack and no interrupts.

Chips

Part Number	ROM	RAM	I/O Pins	Technology	Notes
TMS1000	1K	64x4	23	pMOS
TMS1000C	1K	64x4	23	CMOS	Identical to TMS1000, CMOS
TMS1018	-	64x4	4	pMOS
TMS1070	1K	64x4		pMOS	Built-in VF display controllers
TMS1098	-	128x4		pMOS
TMS1099	-	64x4		pMOS
TMS1099C	-	64x4		CMOS	Identical to TMS1099, CMOS
TMS1100	2K	128x4		pMOS
TMS1117	2K	128x4		pMOS
TMS1200	1K	64x4		pMOS
TMS1200C	1K	64x4		CMOS	Identical to TMS1200, CMOS
TMS1270	1K	64x4		pMOS
TMS1300	2K	128x8	23	pMOS
TMS1400	4K	128x4	22	pMOS
TMS1600	4K	128x4	33	pMOS
TMS1700	512	32x4	21	pMOS
TMS2000	1K	64x4		nMOS	nMOS version of TMS1000
TMS2100	2K	128x4		nMOS	nMOS version of TMS1100
TMS2200	1K	64x4		nMOS	nMOS version of TMS1200
TMS2300	2K	128x8		nMOS	nMOS version of TMS1300
TMS2098	-	128x4		nMOS	engineering sample
TMS2099	-	64x4		nMOS	engineering sample