Difference between revisions of "amd/am286"

Revision as of 00:33, 24 May 2016

Am286

Am286ZX
Developer	Intel
Manufacturer	AMD
Type	Microprocessors
Introduction	1982 (announced) 1984 (launch)
Production	1984-1995
Architecture	2nd source 80286
ISA	x86-16
µarch	80286
Word size	16 bit 2 octets 4 nibbles
Process	1.5 µm 1,500 nm 0.0015 mm
Technology	nMOS, CMOS
Clock	6 MHz-20 MHz
Package	CLCC-68, PLCC-68, PGA-68
Succession
←	→
Am186	Am386

Am286 was a second-sourced 286 chip designed by Intel and manufactured by AMD. The Am286 was introduced into market in 1984 after Intel delivered them their designs very late, likely intentionally. These were the last designs AMD ended up receiving from Intel (later chips had to be reverse engineered instead).

History

In the early 1980s IBM renewed interest in x86 with the IBM PC being on track to be released in August 1981. However, IBM requires any chip they use to have at least one second source for a number of reasons. This in turn caused Intel to renew and expand their original 1976 agreement with AMD in 1981. Additionally, in 1982 they signed the technology exchange agreement which focused on the x86 family of processors.

In 1982 Intel released the 80286. After a rather large delay AMD received the designs from Intel and finally entered production in 1984. The Am286 was identical with every respect to Intel's 286.

Architecture

Main article: 80286 Microarchitecture

The Am286 was designed by Intel and is identical with every respect to its Intel 80486 counterparts. AMD fabricated their chips on a 1.5 µm process.

Die Shot

Die shot of an N80L286-12.

Members

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Am286 Processors
Model	Launched	Process	Freq	Bus	Max Mem	Package	Power	Min T_case	Max T_case
80286-8/BUC	October 1987	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	-55 °C 218.15 K -67 °F 392.67 °R	125 °C 398.15 K 257 °F 716.67 °R
80286-8/BZC	October 1987	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	-55 °C 218.15 K -67 °F 392.67 °R	125 °C 398.15 K 257 °F 716.67 °R
A80286-10	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
A80286-12	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.15 W 3,150 mW 0.00422 hp 0.00315 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
A80286-16	August 1987	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB			0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
A80286-6	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	6 MHz 0.006 GHz 6,000 kHz	6 MHz 0.006 GHz 6,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
A80286-8	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
C80286-10	1984	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
C80286-12	1984	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.15 W 3,150 mW 0.00422 hp 0.00315 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
C80286-6	1984	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	6 MHz 0.006 GHz 6,000 kHz	6 MHz 0.006 GHz 6,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
C80286-8	1984	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
CG80286-10	1984	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
CG80286-12	1984	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.15 W 3,150 mW 0.00422 hp 0.00315 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
CG80286-8	1984	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80286-10	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.15 W 3,150 mW 0.00422 hp 0.00315 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80286-12	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.15 W 3,150 mW 0.00422 hp 0.00315 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80286-16	August 1987	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.15 W 3,150 mW 0.00422 hp 0.00315 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80286-8	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.15 W 3,150 mW 0.00422 hp 0.00315 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80C286-10	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		1 W 1,000 mW 0.00134 hp 0.001 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
N80C286-12	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		1.2 W 1,200 mW 0.00161 hp 0.0012 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
N80C286-16	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		1.4 W 1,400 mW 0.00188 hp 0.0014 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
N80C286-20	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	20 MHz 0.02 GHz 20,000 kHz	20 MHz 0.02 GHz 20,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		1.7 W 1,700 mW 0.00228 hp 0.0017 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
N80C286-8	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB			0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
N80L286-10	1989		10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80L286-12	1989		12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80L286-16	1989		16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80L286-20	1989		20 MHz 0.02 GHz 20,000 kHz	20 MHz 0.02 GHz 20,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80L286-8	1989		8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
R80286-10	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
R80286-12	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.15 W 3,150 mW 0.00422 hp 0.00315 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
R80286-16	August 1987	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.15 W 3,150 mW 0.00422 hp 0.00315 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
R80286-6	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	6 MHz 0.006 GHz 6,000 kHz	6 MHz 0.006 GHz 6,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
R80286-8	1985	1,500 nm 1.5 μm 0.0015 mm	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		3.3 W 3,300 mW 0.00443 hp 0.0033 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
Count: 33

Low-power embedded models

In the late 1980s AMD introduced a number of processors that had lower power dissipation than previous models specifically for embedded applications. Later AMD introduced a CMOS version with even lower power ratings.

,,,,

Low-power Am286 Processors
Model	Launched	Process	Freq	Bus	Max Mem	Package	Power	Min T_case	Max T_case
N80L286-10	1989		10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80L286-12	1989		12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80L286-16	1989		16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80L286-20	1989		20 MHz 0.02 GHz 20,000 kHz	20 MHz 0.02 GHz 20,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
N80L286-8	1989		8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		2.89 W 2,890 mW 0.00388 hp 0.00289 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	85 °C 358.15 K 185 °F 644.67 °R
Count: 5

Low-power CMOS models

In the early 1990s AMD once again introduced their final series of 286 processors in a totally redesigned static CMOS version which had lowest power ratings of all the models.

,,,,

Low-power CMOS Am286 Processors
Model	Launched	Process	Freq	Bus	Max Mem	Package	Power	Min T_case	Max T_case
N80C286-10	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	10 MHz 0.01 GHz 10,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		1 W 1,000 mW 0.00134 hp 0.001 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
N80C286-12	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	12.5 MHz 0.0125 GHz 12,500 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		1.2 W 1,200 mW 0.00161 hp 0.0012 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
N80C286-16	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MHz 0.016 GHz 16,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		1.4 W 1,400 mW 0.00188 hp 0.0014 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
N80C286-20	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	20 MHz 0.02 GHz 20,000 kHz	20 MHz 0.02 GHz 20,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB		1.7 W 1,700 mW 0.00228 hp 0.0017 kW	0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
N80C286-8	1990	800 nm 0.8 μm 8.0e-4 mm	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	8 MHz 0.008 GHz 8,000 kHz	16 MiB 16,384 KiB 16,777,216 B 0.0156 GiB 1.525879e-5 TiB			0 °C 273.15 K 32 °F 491.67 °R	100 °C 373.15 K 212 °F 671.67 °R
Count: 5

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 | proc              = 1.5 µm
 | tech              = nMOS
-| clock min         = 8 MHz
+| tech 2            = CMOS
+| clock min         = 6 MHz
 | clock max         = 20 MHz
 | package           = CLCC-68

designer	Intel +
first announced	1982 +
first launched	1984 +
full page name	amd/am286 +
instance of	microprocessor family +
instruction set architecture	x86-16 +
main designer	Intel +
manufacturer	AMD +
microarchitecture	80286 +
name	Am286 +
package	CLCC-68 +, PLCC-68 + and PGA-68 +
process	1,500 nm (1.5 μm, 0.0015 mm) +
technology	nMOS +
word size	16 bit (2 octets, 4 nibbles) +

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