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{{ti title|TMS1000 Series}}{{confuse|TMS0100}} | {{ti title|TMS1000 Series}}{{confuse|TMS0100}} | ||
{{ic family | {{ic family | ||
− | | title | + | | title = TI TMS1000 Series |
− | | developer | + | | developer = Texas Instruments |
− | | manufacturer = | + | | manufacturer = Texas Instruments |
− | | production | + | | production start = 1974 |
− | | release | + | | production end = 1981 |
− | | arch | + | | release = 1974 |
− | | proc = | + | | arch = |
− | | clock | + | | word = 4 bit |
+ | | proc = 8 μm | ||
+ | | tech = pMOS | ||
+ | | tech 2 = nMOS | ||
+ | | tech 3 = CMOS | ||
+ | | clock min = 100 KHz | ||
+ | | clock max = 400 KHz | ||
+ | | package = DIP28 | ||
+ | | package 2 = DIP40 | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | The '''TMS1000 Series''' was a [[microprocessor family|family]] of [[4-bit architecture|4-bit]] [[ | + | |
+ | The '''TMS1000 Series''' (or TMS 1000) was a [[microprocessor family|family]] of [[4-bit architecture|4-bit]] [[microcontroller]]s designed and manufactured by [[Texas Instruments]] in the early [[1970]]s. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Originally made using [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] technology, TI later expended the family into [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] and [[CMOS]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The TMS 1000 had a relatively simple design with only 43 instructions and 2 general purpose registers. | ||
+ | :Similar to the [[Intel 4004]], the chip only had a single level of stack and no interrupts. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
− | In September of 1971, TI finished the design for their {{ti|TMS0100}} single-chip calculators. Designs where done by the [[Texas Instruments]] engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran. | + | In September of [[1971]], TI finished the design for their {{ti|TMS0100}} single-chip calculators. Designs where done by the [[Texas Instruments]] engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran. Based on their design of the {{ti|TMX1795}}, Gary patented the invention for a single-chip processing machine on Aug 31, 1971. On Sep 4 [[1973]], he was awarded [http://www.google.com/patents/US3757306 U.S. Patent 3,757,306]. |
+ | Building on top of their experiences with the {{ti|TMS0100}} and Boone's [[8-bit architecture|8-bit]] microprocessor prototype they went on to design the [[4-bit]] TMS1000 microcontroller series. Boone was later awarded [https://www.google.com/patents/US4074351 U.S. Patent 4,074,351] for the modern microcontroller. | ||
+ | |||
+ | After being slightly refined, the chip was released to general market in [[1974]]. A few dozen different variations were created with various ROM and RAM sizes. Due to its cheap price, the TMS1000 family enjoyed a tremendous success in consumer electronics. | ||
− | + | == Architecture == | |
+ | [[Texas Instruments]] TMS1000 <ref>[https://hackaday.com/2020/02/18/the-tms1000-the-first-commercially-available-microcontroller/ TMS1000 MCU architecture]</ref> family of [[4-bit]] microcontrollers was introduced in [[1974]]. | ||
− | + | *The TMS1000 microcontrollers had very simple design - only 2 4-bit general registers, 43 instructions (expanded to 54 instructions | |
− | The TMS1000 | + | :in TMS1100/TMS1300 <ref>[https://www.cpu-world.com/info/Pinouts/TMS1000.html TMS1000 Pinouts]</ref>), 1-level deep stack, shift-register program counter and no interrupts. |
+ | *The TMS1000/TMS1070 were basic microcontrollers with 1 KB of masked ROM and 64 x 4 bits of RAM. | ||
+ | :ROM and RAM memory size was doubled on TMS1100 microcontrollers. | ||
+ | *TMS1200/TMS1270/TMS1300 microcontrollers were similar to TMS1000/TMS1070/TMS1100 respectively, but had more output lines. | ||
+ | :The TMS1070 and TMS1270 could directly interface to high voltage VF displays. | ||
== Parts == | == Parts == | ||
Line 24: | Line 46: | ||
! Part Number !! ROM !! RAM !! I/O Pins !! Technology !! Notes | ! Part Number !! ROM !! RAM !! I/O Pins !! Technology !! Notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/tms1000|TMS1000]] || 1KB || 64x4 || 23 || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] || | + | | '''[[/tms1000|TMS1000]]''' || 1KB || 64x4 || 23 (11R/8O/4K) || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] || 43 instructions, DIP28 |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[/tms1000c|TMS1000C]] || 1KB || 64x4 || 22 (10R/8O/4K) || [[CMOS]] || Identical to [[/tms1000|TMS1000]], CMOS | ||
+ | |- <!-- | ||
+ | | [[/tms1018|TMS1018]] || - || 64x4 || 4 ? || pMOS || | ||
+ | |- --> | ||
+ | | [[/tms1070|TMS1070]] || 1KB || 64x4 || 23 (11R/8O/4K) || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[/tms1100|TMS1100]]''' || 2KB || 128x4 || 23 (11R/8O/4K) || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] || 54 instructions, DIP28 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[/tms1100c|TMS1100C]] || 2KB || 128x4 || 22 (10R/8O/4K) || [[CMOS]] || Identical to [[/tms1100|TMS1100]], CMOS | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[/tms1170|TMS1170]] || 2KB || 128x4 || 23 (11R/8O/4K) || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | '''[[/tms1200|TMS1200]]''' || 1KB || 64x4 || 25 (13R/8O/4K) || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] || 43 instructions, DIP40 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1200c|TMS1200C]] || 1KB || 64x4 || 32 (16R/8O/8K/4L) || [[CMOS]] || Identical to [[/tms1200|TMS1200]], CMOS |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1270|TMS1270]] || 1KB || 64x4 || 27 (13R/10O/4K) || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | '''[[/tms1300|TMS1300]]''' || 2KB || 128x8 || 28 (16R/8O/4K) || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] || 54 instructions, DIP40 |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1300c|TMS1300C]] || 2KB || 128x8 || 32 (16R/8O/8K/4L) || [[CMOS]] || Identical to [[/tms1300|TMS1300]], CMOS |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1370|TMS1370]] || 2KB || 128x8 || 28 (16R/8O/4K) || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | '''[[/tms1400|TMS1400]]''' || 4KB || 128x4 || 23 (11R/8O/4K) || pMOS || 54 instructions, DIP28 |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1470|TMS1470]] || 4KB || 128x4 || 22 (10R/8O/4K) || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | '''[[/tms1600|TMS1600]]''' || 4KB || 128x4 || 32 (16R/8O/4K/4L) || pMOS || 54 instructions, DIP40 |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1670|TMS1670]] || 4KB || 128x4 || 32 (16R/8O/4K/4L) || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1700|TMS1700]] || 512B|| 32x4 || 21 (9R/8O/4K) || pMOS || 43 instructions, DIP28 |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | '''[[/tms2000|TMS2000]]''' || 1KB || 64x4 || || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] version of [[/tms1000|TMS1000]] |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms2100|TMS2100]] || 2KB || 128x4 || || nMOS || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] version of [[/tms1100|TMS1100]] |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms2200|TMS2200]] || 1KB || 64x4 || || nMOS || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] version of [[/tms1200|TMS1200]] |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms2300|TMS2300]] || 2KB || 128x8 || || nMOS || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] version of [[/tms1300|TMS1300]] |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1097|TMS1097]] || external <br>(4K x8) || 128x4 || 37 (16R/5O/8K/8L) || pMOS || ROM-less version, DIP64,<br>SE-1400, TMS1400/1600 |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1098|TMS1098]] || external <br>(2K x8) || 128x4 || 33 (16R/5O/8K) || pMOS || ROM-less version, DIP64,<br>SE-1100P, TMS1100/1300 |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1099|TMS1099]] || external <br>(1K x8) || 64x4 || 33 (16R/5O/8K) || pMOS || ROM-less version, DIP64,<br>SE-1000P, TMS1000/1200 |
|- | |- | ||
− | | [[/ | + | | [[/tms1099c|TMS1099C]] || external <br>(1K x8) || 64x4 || 33 || [[CMOS]] || Identical to [[/tms1099|TMS1099]], CMOS |
|- | |- | ||
| [[/tms2098|TMS2098]] || - || 128x4 || || nMOS || [[engineering sample]] | | [[/tms2098|TMS2098]] || - || 128x4 || || nMOS || [[engineering sample]] | ||
Line 69: | Line 105: | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | == | + | === Production chips === |
− | + | *TMS1000JL / TMS1000JDL / TMS1000JDLC • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP | |
− | The | + | *TMS1000NL / TMS1000NLL / TMS1000NLP • 28-pin plastic DIP |
+ | *TMS1070JL / TMS1070JDL • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP | ||
+ | *TMS1070NL • 28-pin plastic DIP | ||
+ | *TMS1100JL / TMS1100JDL • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP | ||
+ | *TMS1100NL • 28-pin plastic DIP | ||
+ | *TMS1200JL / TMS1200JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP | ||
+ | *TMS1200NL • 40-pin plastic DIP | ||
+ | *TMS1270JL / TMS1270JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP | ||
+ | *TMS1270NL • 40-pin plastic DIP | ||
+ | *TMS1300JL / TMS1300JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP | ||
+ | *TMS1300NL / TMS1300NLP • 40-pin plastic DIP | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Applications== | ||
+ | The TMS1000 was cheap enough to be used in everything from TI's own calculators to microwave ovens, washers, jukeboxes, video games, toys, games, and thousands of other electronic products. Over one hundred million processors were sold. | ||
+ | |||
+ | *TMS1018 • Number cruncher | ||
+ | *TMS1117 • Microwave oven controller | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Museum displays == | ||
+ | * [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102711697 TMS1000], [[Computer History Museum]] - note that the description on the museum website is actually incorrect. The chip is correctly identified as ''TMS1000NL'', however the description is confusing it with TI's primitive calculator chip ''TMS1802C'' of the {{ti|TMS0100}} series, which is unrelated to the TMS1000 series, despite the similar numbering used. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == System == | ||
+ | === Games === | ||
+ | * {{\|TMS0970}} | ||
+ | :1977, Milton Bradley Comp IV | ||
+ | :1977, Code Name: Sector | ||
+ | * {{\|TMS1000}} | ||
+ | :1979, Milton Bradley Simon | ||
+ | :1979, MicroVision Blockbuster | ||
+ | * {{\|TMS1100}} | ||
+ | :1979, MicroVision Star Trek Phaser Strike | ||
+ | :1979, MicroVision Mindbuster | ||
+ | :1979, MicroVision Vegas Slots | ||
+ | :1979, MicroVision Bowling | ||
+ | :1979, MicroVision Connect Four | ||
+ | :1980, MicroVision Base ball | ||
+ | :1980, MicroVision Pinball | ||
+ | :1980, MicroVision Sea Duel | ||
+ | :1980, MicroVision Alien Raiders | ||
+ | :1980, Tomy Atomic Pinball | ||
+ | :1981, MicroVision Cosmic Hunter | ||
+ | :1982, MicroVision Super Blockbuster | ||
+ | :1985, Capsela CRC2000 | ||
+ | * {{\|TMS1400}} | ||
+ | :1979, Kosmos Astro (TMS1470) | ||
+ | :1980, Parker Brothers Bank Shot | ||
+ | :1980, Parker Brothers Split Second | ||
+ | :1980, Coleco Total Control 4 | ||
+ | |||
+ | == See also == | ||
+ | *{{\|TMS7000}} • 8-bit (1981) | ||
+ | :TMS7000 • TMS7020 • TMS7040 • nMOS (5V) | ||
+ | :TMS70C00 • TMS70C20 • TMS70C40 • CMOS (1983) | ||
+ | *{{\|TMS370}} (1989) | ||
− | ==Documents== | + | == Documents == |
* [[:File:TMS1000 Series Programmer's reference manual.pdf|TMS1000 Series Programmer's Reference Manual]], 1975 | * [[:File:TMS1000 Series Programmer's reference manual.pdf|TMS1000 Series Programmer's Reference Manual]], 1975 | ||
* [[:File:TMS 1000 Series Data Manual Dec76.pdf|TMS1000 Series Data Manua]], 1976 | * [[:File:TMS 1000 Series Data Manual Dec76.pdf|TMS1000 Series Data Manua]], 1976 | ||
Line 80: | Line 169: | ||
==References == | ==References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− |
Latest revision as of 17:16, 22 October 2025
- Not to be confused with TMS0100.
The TMS1000 Series (or TMS 1000) was a family of 4-bit microcontrollers designed and manufactured by Texas Instruments in the early 1970s.
Originally made using pMOS technology, TI later expended the family into nMOS and CMOS.
The TMS 1000 had a relatively simple design with only 43 instructions and 2 general purpose registers.
- Similar to the Intel 4004, the chip only had a single level of stack and no interrupts.
Contents
History[edit]
In September of 1971, TI finished the design for their TMS0100 single-chip calculators. Designs where done by the Texas Instruments engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran. Based on their design of the TMX1795, Gary patented the invention for a single-chip processing machine on Aug 31, 1971. On Sep 4 1973, he was awarded U.S. Patent 3,757,306. Building on top of their experiences with the TMS0100 and Boone's 8-bit microprocessor prototype they went on to design the 4-bit TMS1000 microcontroller series. Boone was later awarded U.S. Patent 4,074,351 for the modern microcontroller.
After being slightly refined, the chip was released to general market in 1974. A few dozen different variations were created with various ROM and RAM sizes. Due to its cheap price, the TMS1000 family enjoyed a tremendous success in consumer electronics.
Architecture[edit]
Texas Instruments TMS1000 [1] family of 4-bit microcontrollers was introduced in 1974.
- The TMS1000 microcontrollers had very simple design - only 2 4-bit general registers, 43 instructions (expanded to 54 instructions
- in TMS1100/TMS1300 [2]), 1-level deep stack, shift-register program counter and no interrupts.
- The TMS1000/TMS1070 were basic microcontrollers with 1 KB of masked ROM and 64 x 4 bits of RAM.
- ROM and RAM memory size was doubled on TMS1100 microcontrollers.
- TMS1200/TMS1270/TMS1300 microcontrollers were similar to TMS1000/TMS1070/TMS1100 respectively, but had more output lines.
- The TMS1070 and TMS1270 could directly interface to high voltage VF displays.
Parts[edit]
Part Number | ROM | RAM | I/O Pins | Technology | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMS1000 | 1KB | 64x4 | 23 (11R/8O/4K) | pMOS | 43 instructions, DIP28 |
TMS1000C | 1KB | 64x4 | 22 (10R/8O/4K) | CMOS | Identical to TMS1000, CMOS |
TMS1070 | 1KB | 64x4 | 23 (11R/8O/4K) | pMOS | Built-in VF display controllers |
TMS1100 | 2KB | 128x4 | 23 (11R/8O/4K) | pMOS | 54 instructions, DIP28 |
TMS1100C | 2KB | 128x4 | 22 (10R/8O/4K) | CMOS | Identical to TMS1100, CMOS |
TMS1170 | 2KB | 128x4 | 23 (11R/8O/4K) | pMOS | Built-in VF display controllers |
TMS1200 | 1KB | 64x4 | 25 (13R/8O/4K) | pMOS | 43 instructions, DIP40 |
TMS1200C | 1KB | 64x4 | 32 (16R/8O/8K/4L) | CMOS | Identical to TMS1200, CMOS |
TMS1270 | 1KB | 64x4 | 27 (13R/10O/4K) | pMOS | Built-in VF display controllers |
TMS1300 | 2KB | 128x8 | 28 (16R/8O/4K) | pMOS | 54 instructions, DIP40 |
TMS1300C | 2KB | 128x8 | 32 (16R/8O/8K/4L) | CMOS | Identical to TMS1300, CMOS |
TMS1370 | 2KB | 128x8 | 28 (16R/8O/4K) | pMOS | Built-in VF display controllers |
TMS1400 | 4KB | 128x4 | 23 (11R/8O/4K) | pMOS | 54 instructions, DIP28 |
TMS1470 | 4KB | 128x4 | 22 (10R/8O/4K) | pMOS | Built-in VF display controllers |
TMS1600 | 4KB | 128x4 | 32 (16R/8O/4K/4L) | pMOS | 54 instructions, DIP40 |
TMS1670 | 4KB | 128x4 | 32 (16R/8O/4K/4L) | pMOS | Built-in VF display controllers |
TMS1700 | 512B | 32x4 | 21 (9R/8O/4K) | pMOS | 43 instructions, DIP28 |
TMS2000 | 1KB | 64x4 | nMOS | nMOS version of TMS1000 | |
TMS2100 | 2KB | 128x4 | nMOS | nMOS version of TMS1100 | |
TMS2200 | 1KB | 64x4 | nMOS | nMOS version of TMS1200 | |
TMS2300 | 2KB | 128x8 | nMOS | nMOS version of TMS1300 | |
TMS1097 | external (4K x8) |
128x4 | 37 (16R/5O/8K/8L) | pMOS | ROM-less version, DIP64, SE-1400, TMS1400/1600 |
TMS1098 | external (2K x8) |
128x4 | 33 (16R/5O/8K) | pMOS | ROM-less version, DIP64, SE-1100P, TMS1100/1300 |
TMS1099 | external (1K x8) |
64x4 | 33 (16R/5O/8K) | pMOS | ROM-less version, DIP64, SE-1000P, TMS1000/1200 |
TMS1099C | external (1K x8) |
64x4 | 33 | CMOS | Identical to TMS1099, CMOS |
TMS2098 | - | 128x4 | nMOS | engineering sample | |
TMS2099 | - | 64x4 | nMOS | engineering sample |
Production chips[edit]
- TMS1000JL / TMS1000JDL / TMS1000JDLC • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
- TMS1000NL / TMS1000NLL / TMS1000NLP • 28-pin plastic DIP
- TMS1070JL / TMS1070JDL • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
- TMS1070NL • 28-pin plastic DIP
- TMS1100JL / TMS1100JDL • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
- TMS1100NL • 28-pin plastic DIP
- TMS1200JL / TMS1200JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
- TMS1200NL • 40-pin plastic DIP
- TMS1270JL / TMS1270JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
- TMS1270NL • 40-pin plastic DIP
- TMS1300JL / TMS1300JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
- TMS1300NL / TMS1300NLP • 40-pin plastic DIP
Applications[edit]
The TMS1000 was cheap enough to be used in everything from TI's own calculators to microwave ovens, washers, jukeboxes, video games, toys, games, and thousands of other electronic products. Over one hundred million processors were sold.
- TMS1018 • Number cruncher
- TMS1117 • Microwave oven controller
Museum displays[edit]
- TMS1000, Computer History Museum - note that the description on the museum website is actually incorrect. The chip is correctly identified as TMS1000NL, however the description is confusing it with TI's primitive calculator chip TMS1802C of the TMS0100 series, which is unrelated to the TMS1000 series, despite the similar numbering used.
System[edit]
Games[edit]
- 1977, Milton Bradley Comp IV
- 1977, Code Name: Sector
- 1979, Milton Bradley Simon
- 1979, MicroVision Blockbuster
- 1979, MicroVision Star Trek Phaser Strike
- 1979, MicroVision Mindbuster
- 1979, MicroVision Vegas Slots
- 1979, MicroVision Bowling
- 1979, MicroVision Connect Four
- 1980, MicroVision Base ball
- 1980, MicroVision Pinball
- 1980, MicroVision Sea Duel
- 1980, MicroVision Alien Raiders
- 1980, Tomy Atomic Pinball
- 1981, MicroVision Cosmic Hunter
- 1982, MicroVision Super Blockbuster
- 1985, Capsela CRC2000
- 1979, Kosmos Astro (TMS1470)
- 1980, Parker Brothers Bank Shot
- 1980, Parker Brothers Split Second
- 1980, Coleco Total Control 4
See also[edit]
- TMS7000 • 8-bit (1981)
- TMS7000 • TMS7020 • TMS7040 • nMOS (5V)
- TMS70C00 • TMS70C20 • TMS70C40 • CMOS (1983)
- TMS370 (1989)
Documents[edit]
- TMS1000 Series Programmer's Reference Manual, 1975
- TMS1000 Series Data Manua, 1976
- TMS1000 Series, 1975
References[edit]
designer | Texas Instruments + |
full page name | ti/tms1000 + |
instance of | integrated circuit family + |
main designer | Texas Instruments + |
manufacturer | Texas Instruments + |
name | TI TMS1000 Series + |
package | DIP28 + and DIP40 + |
process | 8,000 nm (8 μm, 0.008 mm) + |
technology | pMOS +, nMOS + and CMOS + |
word size | 4 bit (0.5 octets, 1 nibbles) + |