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{{ti title|TMS1000 Series}}
+
{{ti title|TMS1000 Series}}{{confuse|TMS0100}}
 
{{ic family
 
{{ic family
−
| title       = TMS1000 Series
+
| title             = TI TMS1000 Series
−
| developer   = [[Texas Instruments]]
+
| developer         = Texas Instruments
−
| manufacturer = [[Texas Instruments]]
+
| manufacturer     = Texas Instruments
−
| production   = [[1970]]-[[1980]]s
+
| production start  = 1974
−
| release     = 1974
+
| production end    = 1981
−
| arch         = [[4-bit architecture|4-bit]]
+
| release           = 1974
−
| proc        = [[8μm]]
+
| arch             =  
−
| clock       = Up to 400kHz
+
| word              = 4 bit
 +
| proc             = 8 μm
 +
| tech              = pMOS
 +
| tech 2            = nMOS
 +
| tech 3            = CMOS
 +
| clock min         = 100 KHz
 +
| clock max        = 400 KHz
 +
| package          = DIP28
 +
| package 2        = DIP40
 
}}
 
}}
−
The '''TMS1000 Series''' was a [[microprocessor family|family]] of [[4-bit architecture|4-bit]] [[microprocessor]]s designed and manufactured by [[Texas Instruments]] in the early 1970s. Originally made using [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] technology, TI later expended the family into [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] and [[CMOS]]. These microprocessors are considered to be the first single-chip microprocessors in the world. However, unlike the [[Intel 4004]], it was not released to general market until 1974.
+
 
 +
The '''TMS1000 Series''' (or TMS 1000) was a [[microprocessor family|family]] of [[4-bit architecture|4-bit]] [[microcontroller]]s designed and manufactured by [[Texas Instruments]] in the early [[1970]]s.  
 +
 
 +
Originally made using [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] technology, TI later expended the family into [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] and [[CMOS]].
 +
 
 +
The TMS 1000 had a relatively simple design with only 43 instructions and 2 general purpose registers.
 +
:Similar to the [[Intel 4004]], the chip only had a single level of stack and no interrupts.
  
 
==History==
 
==History==
−
In September of 1971, the [[/tms1000|TMS1000]] was completed. It was the first microprocessors ever created, designed by [[Texas Instruments]] engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran. Gary patented the invention on Aug 31, 1971. On Sep 4, 1973, he was awarded [http://www.google.com/patents/US3757306 U.S. Patent 3,757,306]. Unlike Intel's chips, TI's was not placed into the general market until 1974. Instead TI used the chip for their calculators.<ref name=smithsonianchips>[http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/augarten/p38.htm The Most Widely Used Computer on a Chip The TMS 1000]</ref>
+
In September of [[1971]], TI finished the design for their {{ti|TMS0100}} single-chip calculators. Designs where done by the [[Texas Instruments]] engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran. Based on their design of the {{ti|TMX1795}}, Gary patented the invention for a single-chip processing machine on Aug 31, 1971. On Sep 4 [[1973]], he was awarded [http://www.google.com/patents/US3757306 U.S. Patent 3,757,306].  
 +
Building on top of their experiences with the {{ti|TMS0100}} and Boone's [[8-bit architecture|8-bit]] microprocessor prototype they went on to design the [[4-bit]] TMS1000 microcontroller series. Boone was later awarded [https://www.google.com/patents/US4074351 U.S. Patent 4,074,351] for the modern microcontroller.
  
−
After being slightly refined, the chip was released to general market in 1974. A few dozen different variations were created with various ROM and RAM sizes.<ref name=smithsonianchips /> Due to its cheap price, the TMS1000 family enjoyed a tremendous success in consumer electronics being used in everything from calculators, toys, games, and various appliances as well as photocopying machines and juke boxes.<ref name=smithsonianchips />
+
After being slightly refined, the chip was released to general market in [[1974]]. A few dozen different variations were created with various ROM and RAM sizes. Due to its cheap price, the TMS1000 family enjoyed a tremendous success in consumer electronics.
 +
 
 +
== Architecture ==
 +
[[Texas Instruments]] TMS1000 <ref>[https://hackaday.com/2020/02/18/the-tms1000-the-first-commercially-available-microcontroller/ TMS1000 MCU architecture]</ref> family of [[4-bit]] microcontrollers was introduced in [[1974]].
 +
 
 +
*The TMS1000 microcontrollers had very simple design - only 2 4-bit general registers, 43 instructions (expanded to 54 instructions
 +
:in TMS1100/TMS1300 <ref>[https://www.cpu-world.com/info/Pinouts/TMS1000.html TMS1000 Pinouts]</ref>), 1-level deep stack, shift-register program counter and no interrupts.
 +
*The TMS1000/TMS1070 were basic microcontrollers with 1 KB of masked ROM and 64 x 4 bits of RAM.
 +
:ROM and RAM memory size was doubled on TMS1100 microcontrollers.  
 +
*TMS1200/TMS1270/TMS1300 microcontrollers were similar to TMS1000/TMS1070/TMS1100 respectively, but had more output lines.
 +
:The TMS1070 and TMS1270 could directly interface to high voltage VF displays.
  
 
== Parts ==
 
== Parts ==
Line 21: Line 46:
 
! Part Number !! ROM !! RAM !! I/O Pins !! Technology !! Notes
 
! Part Number !! ROM !! RAM !! I/O Pins !! Technology !! Notes
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1000|TMS1000]]   || 1KB || 64x4  || 23 || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] ||
+
| '''[[/tms1000|TMS1000]]''' || 1KB || 64x4  || 23 (11R/8O) || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] || 43 instructions, DIP28
 +
|-
 +
| [[/tms1000c|TMS1000C]] || 1KB || 64x4 || 23 || [[CMOS]] || Identical to [[/tms1000|TMS1000]], CMOS
 +
|-
 +
| [[/tms1018|TMS1018]]  || -  || 64x4 || 4 ? || pMOS ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1000c|TMS1000C]] || 1KB || 64x4 || 23 || [[CMOS]] || Identical to [[/tms1000|TMS1000]], CMOS
+
| [[/tms1070|TMS1070]]   || 1KB || 64x4 || 23 || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1018|TMS1018]]  || -  || 64x4  || 4  || pMOS     ||
+
| [[/tms1098|TMS1098]]  || -  || 128x4 || 28 (16R/8O) || pMOS || ROM-less version, DIP64
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1070|TMS1070]]  || 1KB || 64x4 ||   || pMOS     || Built-in VF display controllers
+
| [[/tms1099|TMS1099]]  || -  || 64x4 || 25 (13R/8O) || pMOS || ROM-less version, DIP64
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1098|TMS1098]]   || -  || 128x4 ||   || pMOS    ||
+
| [[/tms1099c|TMS1099C]] || -  || 64x4 || 25 || [[CMOS]] || Identical to [[/tms1099|TMS1099]], CMOS
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1099|TMS1099]]  || -  || 64x4  ||   || pMOS     ||
+
| '''[[/tms1100|TMS1100]]'''   || 2KB || 128x4 || 23 (11R/8O) || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] || 54 instructions, DIP28
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1099c|TMS1099C]] || -  || 64x4  ||   || CMOS    || Identical to [[/tms1099|TMS1099]], CMOS
+
| [[/tms1170|TMS1170]]   || 2KB || 128x4 || 23 || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1100|TMS1100]]  || 2KB || 128x4 ||   || pMOS    ||
+
| '''[[/tms1200|TMS1200]]'''   || 1KB || 64x4  || 25 (13R/8O) || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]]     || 43 instructions, DIP40
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1117|TMS1117]]   || 2KB || 128x4 ||   || pMOS    ||
+
| [[/tms1200c|TMS1200C]] || 1KB || 64x4  || 25 || [[CMOS]] || Identical to [[/tms1200|TMS1200]], CMOS
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1200|TMS1200]]  || 1KB || 64x4  ||   || pMOS     ||
+
| [[/tms1270|TMS1270]]  || 1KB || 64x4  || 25 || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1200c|TMS1200C]] || 1KB || 64x4  ||   || CMOS    || Identical to [[/tms1200|TMS1200]], CMOS
+
| '''[[/tms1300|TMS1300]]'''  || 2KB || 128x8 || 23 (11R/8O) || [[pMOS logic|pMOS]] || 54 instructions, DIP40
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1270|TMS1270]]  || 1KB || 64x4  ||   || pMOS     ||
+
| [[/tms1370|TMS1370]]  || 2KB || 128x8 || 23 || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1300|TMS1300]]  || 2KB || 128x8 || 23 || pMOS     ||
+
| [[/tms1400|TMS1400]]  || 4KB || 128x4 || 22 || pMOS || 54 instructions, DIP28
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1400|TMS1400]]  || 4KB || 128x4 || 22 || pMOS     ||
+
| [[/tms1470|TMS1470]]  || 4KB || 128x4 || 22 || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1600|TMS1600]]  || 4KB || 128x4 || 33 || pMOS     ||
+
| [[/tms1600|TMS1600]]  || 4KB || 128x4 || 33 || pMOS || 54 instructions, DIP40
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms1700|TMS1700]]  || 512B|| 32x4  || 21 || pMOS     ||
+
| [[/tms1670|TMS1670]]  || 4KB || 128x4 || 33 || pMOS || Built-in VF display controllers
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[/tms2000|TMS2000]]  || 1KB || 64x4  ||   || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]]     || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] version of [[/tms1000|TMS1000]]
+
| [[/tms1700|TMS1700]]  || 512B|| 32x4  || 21 || pMOS || 43 instructions, DIP28
 +
|-
 +
| '''[[/tms2000|TMS2000]]'''   || 1KB || 64x4  || || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] version of [[/tms1000|TMS1000]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[/tms2100|TMS2100]]  || 2KB || 128x4 ||    || nMOS    || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] version of [[/tms1100|TMS1100]]
 
| [[/tms2100|TMS2100]]  || 2KB || 128x4 ||    || nMOS    || [[nMOS logic|nMOS]] version of [[/tms1100|TMS1100]]
Line 66: Line 97:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Architecture ==
+
=== Production chips ===
−
The TMS 1000 had a relatively simple design with only 43 instructions and 2 general purpose registers. Similar to the [[Intel 4004]], the chip only had a single level of stack and no interrupts.
+
*TMS1000JL / TMS1000JDL / TMS1000JDLC • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
 +
*TMS1000NL / TMS1000NLL / TMS1000NLP • 28-pin plastic DIP
 +
*TMS1070JL / TMS1070JDL • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
 +
*TMS1070NL • 28-pin plastic DIP
 +
*TMS1100JL / TMS1100JDL • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
 +
*TMS1100NL • 28-pin plastic DIP
 +
*TMS1200JL / TMS1200JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
 +
*TMS1200NL • 40-pin plastic DIP
 +
*TMS1270JL / TMS1270JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
 +
*TMS1270NL • 40-pin plastic DIP
 +
*TMS1300JL / TMS1300JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
 +
*TMS1300NL / TMS1300NLP • 40-pin plastic DIP
 +
 
 +
== Applications==
 +
The TMS1000 was cheap enough to be used in everything from TI's own calculators to microwave ovens, washers, jukeboxes, video games, toys, games, and thousands of other electronic products. Over one hundred million processors were sold.
 +
 
 +
*TMS1018 • Number cruncher
 +
*TMS1117 • Microwave oven controller
 +
 
 +
== Museum displays ==
 +
* [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102711697 TMS1000], [[Computer History Museum]] - note that the description on the museum website is actually incorrect. The chip is correctly identified as ''TMS1000NL'', however the description is confusing it with TI's primitive calculator chip ''TMS1802C'' of the {{ti|TMS0100}} series, which is unrelated to the TMS1000 series, despite the similar numbering used.
 +
 
 +
== System ==
 +
=== Games ===
 +
* {{\|TMS0970}}
 +
:1977, Milton Bradley Comp IV
 +
:1977, Code Name: Sector
 +
* {{\|TMS1000}}
 +
:1979, Milton Bradley Simon
 +
:1979, MicroVision Blockbuster
 +
* {{\|TMS1100}}
 +
:1979, MicroVision Star Trek Phaser Strike
 +
:1979, MicroVision Mindbuster
 +
:1979, MicroVision Vegas Slots
 +
:1979, MicroVision Bowling
 +
:1979, MicroVision Connect Four
 +
:1980, MicroVision Base ball
 +
:1980, MicroVision Pinball
 +
:1980, MicroVision Sea Duel
 +
:1980, MicroVision Alien Raiders
 +
:1980, Tomy Atomic Pinball
 +
:1981, MicroVision Cosmic Hunter
 +
:1982, MicroVision Super Blockbuster
 +
:1985, Capsela CRC2000
 +
* {{\|TMS1400}}
 +
:1979, Kosmos Astro (TMS1470)
 +
:1980, Parker Brothers Bank Shot
 +
:1980, Parker Brothers Split Second
 +
:1980, Coleco Total Control 4
 +
 
 +
== See also ==
 +
*{{\|TMS7000}} • 8-bit (1981)
 +
:TMS7000 • TMS7020 • TMS7040 • nMOS (5V)
 +
:TMS70C00 • TMS70C20 • TMS70C40 • CMOS (1983)
 +
*{{\|TMS370}} (1989)
  
−
==Documents==
+
== Documents ==
 
* [[:File:TMS1000 Series Programmer's reference manual.pdf|TMS1000 Series Programmer's Reference Manual]], 1975
 
* [[:File:TMS1000 Series Programmer's reference manual.pdf|TMS1000 Series Programmer's Reference Manual]], 1975
 
* [[:File:TMS 1000 Series Data Manual Dec76.pdf|TMS1000 Series Data Manua]], 1976
 
* [[:File:TMS 1000 Series Data Manual Dec76.pdf|TMS1000 Series Data Manua]], 1976
Line 76: Line 161:
 
==References ==
 
==References ==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
−
 
−
 
−
{{stub}}
 

Latest revision as of 09:39, 22 October 2025

Not to be confused with TMS0100.
TI TMS1000 Series
no photo (ic).svg
Developer Texas Instruments
Manufacturer Texas Instruments
Production 1974-1981
Release date 1974
Word size 4 bit
0.5 octets
1 nibbles
Process 8 μm
8,000 nm
0.008 mm
Technology pMOS, nMOS, CMOS
Clock 100 KHz-400 KHz
Package DIP28, DIP40

The TMS1000 Series (or TMS 1000) was a family of 4-bit microcontrollers designed and manufactured by Texas Instruments in the early 1970s.

Originally made using pMOS technology, TI later expended the family into nMOS and CMOS.

The TMS 1000 had a relatively simple design with only 43 instructions and 2 general purpose registers.

Similar to the Intel 4004, the chip only had a single level of stack and no interrupts.

History[edit]

In September of 1971, TI finished the design for their TMS0100 single-chip calculators. Designs where done by the Texas Instruments engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran. Based on their design of the TMX1795, Gary patented the invention for a single-chip processing machine on Aug 31, 1971. On Sep 4 1973, he was awarded U.S. Patent 3,757,306. Building on top of their experiences with the TMS0100 and Boone's 8-bit microprocessor prototype they went on to design the 4-bit TMS1000 microcontroller series. Boone was later awarded U.S. Patent 4,074,351 for the modern microcontroller.

After being slightly refined, the chip was released to general market in 1974. A few dozen different variations were created with various ROM and RAM sizes. Due to its cheap price, the TMS1000 family enjoyed a tremendous success in consumer electronics.

Architecture[edit]

Texas Instruments TMS1000 [1] family of 4-bit microcontrollers was introduced in 1974.

  • The TMS1000 microcontrollers had very simple design - only 2 4-bit general registers, 43 instructions (expanded to 54 instructions
in TMS1100/TMS1300 [2]), 1-level deep stack, shift-register program counter and no interrupts.
  • The TMS1000/TMS1070 were basic microcontrollers with 1 KB of masked ROM and 64 x 4 bits of RAM.
ROM and RAM memory size was doubled on TMS1100 microcontrollers.
  • TMS1200/TMS1270/TMS1300 microcontrollers were similar to TMS1000/TMS1070/TMS1100 respectively, but had more output lines.
The TMS1070 and TMS1270 could directly interface to high voltage VF displays.

Parts[edit]

Part Number ROM RAM I/O Pins Technology Notes
TMS1000 1KB 64x4 23 (11R/8O) pMOS 43 instructions, DIP28
TMS1000C 1KB 64x4 23 CMOS Identical to TMS1000, CMOS
TMS1018 - 64x4 4 ? pMOS
TMS1070 1KB 64x4 23 pMOS Built-in VF display controllers
TMS1098 - 128x4 28 (16R/8O) pMOS ROM-less version, DIP64
TMS1099 - 64x4 25 (13R/8O) pMOS ROM-less version, DIP64
TMS1099C - 64x4 25 CMOS Identical to TMS1099, CMOS
TMS1100 2KB 128x4 23 (11R/8O) pMOS 54 instructions, DIP28
TMS1170 2KB 128x4 23 pMOS Built-in VF display controllers
TMS1200 1KB 64x4 25 (13R/8O) pMOS 43 instructions, DIP40
TMS1200C 1KB 64x4 25 CMOS Identical to TMS1200, CMOS
TMS1270 1KB 64x4 25 pMOS Built-in VF display controllers
TMS1300 2KB 128x8 23 (11R/8O) pMOS 54 instructions, DIP40
TMS1370 2KB 128x8 23 pMOS Built-in VF display controllers
TMS1400 4KB 128x4 22 pMOS 54 instructions, DIP28
TMS1470 4KB 128x4 22 pMOS Built-in VF display controllers
TMS1600 4KB 128x4 33 pMOS 54 instructions, DIP40
TMS1670 4KB 128x4 33 pMOS Built-in VF display controllers
TMS1700 512B 32x4 21 pMOS 43 instructions, DIP28
TMS2000 1KB 64x4 nMOS nMOS version of TMS1000
TMS2100 2KB 128x4 nMOS nMOS version of TMS1100
TMS2200 1KB 64x4 nMOS nMOS version of TMS1200
TMS2300 2KB 128x8 nMOS nMOS version of TMS1300
TMS2098 - 128x4 nMOS engineering sample
TMS2099 - 64x4 nMOS engineering sample

Production chips[edit]

  • TMS1000JL / TMS1000JDL / TMS1000JDLC • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
  • TMS1000NL / TMS1000NLL / TMS1000NLP • 28-pin plastic DIP
  • TMS1070JL / TMS1070JDL • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
  • TMS1070NL • 28-pin plastic DIP
  • TMS1100JL / TMS1100JDL • 28-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
  • TMS1100NL • 28-pin plastic DIP
  • TMS1200JL / TMS1200JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
  • TMS1200NL • 40-pin plastic DIP
  • TMS1270JL / TMS1270JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
  • TMS1270NL • 40-pin plastic DIP
  • TMS1300JL / TMS1300JDL • 40-pin ceramic side-brazed DIP
  • TMS1300NL / TMS1300NLP • 40-pin plastic DIP

Applications[edit]

The TMS1000 was cheap enough to be used in everything from TI's own calculators to microwave ovens, washers, jukeboxes, video games, toys, games, and thousands of other electronic products. Over one hundred million processors were sold.

  • TMS1018 • Number cruncher
  • TMS1117 • Microwave oven controller

Museum displays[edit]

  • TMS1000, Computer History Museum - note that the description on the museum website is actually incorrect. The chip is correctly identified as TMS1000NL, however the description is confusing it with TI's primitive calculator chip TMS1802C of the TMS0100 series, which is unrelated to the TMS1000 series, despite the similar numbering used.

System[edit]

Games[edit]

1977, Milton Bradley Comp IV
1977, Code Name: Sector
1979, Milton Bradley Simon
1979, MicroVision Blockbuster
1979, MicroVision Star Trek Phaser Strike
1979, MicroVision Mindbuster
1979, MicroVision Vegas Slots
1979, MicroVision Bowling
1979, MicroVision Connect Four
1980, MicroVision Base ball
1980, MicroVision Pinball
1980, MicroVision Sea Duel
1980, MicroVision Alien Raiders
1980, Tomy Atomic Pinball
1981, MicroVision Cosmic Hunter
1982, MicroVision Super Blockbuster
1985, Capsela CRC2000
1979, Kosmos Astro (TMS1470)
1980, Parker Brothers Bank Shot
1980, Parker Brothers Split Second
1980, Coleco Total Control 4

See also[edit]

TMS7000 • TMS7020 • TMS7040 • nMOS (5V)
TMS70C00 • TMS70C20 • TMS70C40 • CMOS (1983)

Documents[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ TMS1000 MCU architecture
  2. ↑ TMS1000 Pinouts
Retrieved from "https://en.wikichip.org/w/index.php?title=ti/tms1000&oldid=103846"
Facts about "TMS1000 Series - TI"
RDF feed
designerTexas Instruments +
full page nameti/tms1000 +
instance ofintegrated circuit family +
main designerTexas Instruments +
manufacturerTexas Instruments +
nameTI TMS1000 Series +
packageDIP28 + and DIP40 +
process8,000 nm (8 μm, 0.008 mm) +
technologypMOS +, nMOS + and CMOS +
word size4 bit (0.5 octets, 1 nibbles) +