Editing bitmain/sophon/bm1680

{{bitmain title|Sophon BM1680}}
{{chip
|name=Sophon BM1680
|image=bitmain sophon bm1680.png
|designer=Bitmain
|manufacturer=TSMC
|model number=BM1680
|market=Artificial Intelligence
|first announced=October 25, 2017
|first launched=November 8, 2017
|family=Sophon
|process=28 nm
|technology=CMOS
|max memory=16 GiB
|v core=0.9 V
|v core tolerance=5%
|v io=1.8 V
|v io tolerance=5%
|tdp=41 W
|tdp typical=25 W
|temp min=0 °C
|temp max=125  °C
|package module 1={{packages/bitmain/fcbga-1599}}
}}
'''Sophon BM1680''' is a [[neural processor]] designed by [[Bitmain]] and introduced in 2017. The BM1680 is capable of performing both network inference and network training. Capable of delivering up to 2 TFLOPS (SP), the BM1680 has a typical power dissipation of 25 W with a peak power of 41 W. The chip was [[taped-out]] in April 2017 and began sampling in June.

Manufactured on [[TSMC]]'s [[28 nm|28HPC+]] process, the BM1680 is capable of 80 billion algorithmic operations per second. Bitmain claims the chip is designed not only for inference, but also for training of neural networks, suitable for working with the common [[artificial neural network|ANNs]] such as [[convolutional neural network|CNN]], [[recurrent neural network|RNN]], and [[deep neural network|DNN]].

== Overview ==
The chip consists of five subsystems: [[NPU]], [[MCU]], Chip Link, Memory, and Peripherals. 

The MCU Subsystem is a low-power {{arch|32}} embedded [[ARM]] microcontroller which can be boot from SPI Flash (ITCM interface). The microcontroller has an 8 KiB of [[L1I$]] and 8 KiB of [[L1D$]]. Additionally, there is also a VPFv2 coprocessor for floating point operations support.

The NPU Subsystem consists of 64 [[neural processor|NPUs]], the hub, and an NPU Schedule Engine. The scheduling engine is in charge of controlling the data flow to the individual NPUs. Bitmain has not many intimate details of the NPU cores but each core is known to have 512 KiB of program-visible [[SRAM]] and supports 64 single-precision operations. With a total of 64 NPUs, the chip has a total of 32 [[MiB]] of [[cache]] and a peak performance of 2 [[TFLOPS]] (single-precision). 

:[[File:BM1680 block diagram.png|650px]]


===  BMDNN Chiplink ===
The chip incorporates Bitmain's proprietary fabric called ''BMDNN Chiplink technology''. The [[fabric]] is a flexible, low latency link that communicates over a high-speed [[SerDes]] PHY. Two ports are available on each chip which allows multiple BM1680s to be daisy chained together to form a larger network.

In a typical configuration (i.e., a PCIe [[accelerator]] [[accelerator card|card]]), two BM1680s chips are wired together using chiplink. The first node in the chain is then connected to a host control (e.g., a custom [[ASIC]] unit or simply an [[FPGA]]) which provides a PCIe interface to the host processor (e.g., on a typical server a {{intel|Xeon}}). Data from the host processor is then sent to the host controller on the accelerator unit which is then distributed across all the [[NPU]]s on all the available nodes.

::[[File:BM1680 chiplink topology.png|450px]]

Current offering by [[Bitmain]] is limited to two BM1680s chips per [[accelerator card]], however in theory the chip can be chained to form a much larger network. The primary limitations of the network are power consumption and thermal dissipation as well as PCIe bandwidth which Bitmain requires to be x4 lanes per node (or 3.9 GB/s, 8 GT/s). For example, current offerings by Bitmain features two nodes on a PCIe Gen3 x8 card.

Below is a schematic of Bitmain's SC+ PCIe Gen 3 accelerator card.


::[[File:BM1680 SC+ card schematic.png|800px]]

== Memory controller ==
{{memory controller
|type=DDR4-2666
|ecc=Yes
|max mem=16 GiB
|controllers=1
|channels=4
|max bandwidth=79.47 GiB/s
|bandwidth schan=19.87 GiB/s
|bandwidth dchan=39.74 GiB/s
|bandwidth qchan=79.47 GiB/s
}}

== Expansions ==
* SPI Flash Controller
* UART
* Two-wire I2C
Has subobject "Has subobject" is a predefined property representing a container construct and is provided by Semantic MediaWiki.	Sophon BM1680 - Bitmain#package +
core voltage	0.9 V (9 dV, 90 cV, 900 mV) +
core voltage tolerance	5% +
designer	Bitmain +
family	Sophon +
first announced	October 25, 2017 +
first launched	November 8, 2017 +
full page name	bitmain/sophon/bm1680 +
has ecc memory support	true +
instance of	microprocessor +
io voltage	1.8 V (18 dV, 180 cV, 1,800 mV) +
io voltage tolerance	5% +
ldate	November 8, 2017 +
main image	+
manufacturer	TSMC +
market segment	Artificial Intelligence +
max memory	16,384 MiB (16,777,216 KiB, 17,179,869,184 B, 16 GiB, 0.0156 TiB) +
max memory bandwidth	79.47 GiB/s (81,377.28 MiB/s, 85.33 GB/s, 85,330.263 MB/s, 0.0776 TiB/s, 0.0853 TB/s) +
max memory channels	4 +
max operating temperature	125 °C +
min operating temperature	0 °C +
model number	BM1680 +
name	Sophon BM1680 +
package	FCBGA-1599 +
peak flops (single-precision)	2,000,000,000,000 FLOPS (2,000,000,000 KFLOPS, 2,000,000 MFLOPS, 2,000 GFLOPS, 2 TFLOPS, 0.002 PFLOPS, 2.0e-6 EFLOPS, 2.0e-9 ZFLOPS) +
process	28 nm (0.028 μm, 2.8e-5 mm) +
supported memory type	DDR4-2666 +
tdp	41 W (41,000 mW, 0.055 hp, 0.041 kW) +
tdp (typical)	25 W (25,000 mW, 0.0335 hp, 0.025 kW) +
technology	CMOS +