...ated total of 13 sextillion (10²²) MOSFETs manufactured between 1960 and 2018.<ref>{{cite book|title=13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Windin ...siliconengine/metal-oxide-semiconductor-mos-transistor-demonstrated/|title=1960: Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated|journal=The Silico

...d circuit]] chip (1959). He later proposed the [[MOS integrated circuit]] (1960).]] ...e of us active in silicon material and device research during 1956{{ndash}}1960 considered this successful effort by the Bell Labs group led by Atalla to s