...and semiconductor logic engineering, covering historical and contemporary electronic systems, technologies, and related topics.</div>

...d programmable [[I/O]] ports primarily designed to control and drive other electronic equipment. MCUs are designed to be embedded, usually in a highly restrictiv The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s, and were used for electronic [[calculator]]s, using [[binary-coded decimal]] (BCD) arithmetic on 4-bit [

...1906, the Japanese Ministry of Communications and Transportation built an electronic calculator. ...com'' in 1967. At the same time the company was also developing a brand of electronic calculators called '''Busicom'''. During the spring of 1969 Intel had a MOS

...or [[amplifier|amplifying]] or switching [[signal (electrical engineering)|electronic signals]]. ...aling and miniaturization has been driving the rapid exponential growth of electronic semiconductor technology since the 1960s, and enables [[Very Large Scale In

...Lojek">{{cite book |last1=Lojek |first1=Bo |title=History of Semiconductor Engineering |date=2007 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=978354034 ...ek330">{{cite book |last1=Lojek |first1=Bo |title=History of Semiconductor Engineering |date=2007 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=978354034

|developer = [[Electronic Associates]] |manufacturer = [[Electronic Associates]]

...vens, washers, jukeboxes, video games, toys, games, and thousands of other electronic products. Over one hundred million processors were sold. | [[/tms2098|TMS2098]] || - || 128x4 || || nMOS || [[engineering sample]]

...focuses on the design and implementation of digital and mixed-signal micro-electronic systems.

'''First''' in computer engineering is almost always a controversial topic. Historically, many products were of ...case ended up invalidating the ENIAC patent, leaving the invention of the electronic digital computer in the public domain.

...es: [[silicon]], [[germanium]], and [[gallium]] for the manufacturing of [[electronic devices]]. {{see also|Semiconductor device|Timeline of electrical and electronic engineering}}

...lectronic function. Integrated circuits are the most essential part of all electronic products. ...e]]. Those components are interconnected to form a meaningful and complete electronic function. The semiconductor material used is usually [[silicon]], but other

...ty carriers.<ref name=millman2>{{cite book|author=[[Jacob Millman]]|title= Electronic devices and circuits|year=1985|page=397|publisher=[[S&P Global|McGraw-Hill ...ree terminals are:<ref name=millman>{{cite book|author=Jacob Millman|title=Electronic devices and circuits|year=1985|pages=384–385|publisher=McGraw-Hill|locati

| founder = ''Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering (IPMCE)'' ...y develops its products in close cooperation with the ''Bruk Institute for Electronic Control Computers (INEUM)''<ref>https://www.defenceweb.co.za/virtual-press-