Semiconductor & Computer Engineering
$upper returns text in upper case
Synopsis
$upper(text)
Parameters
- text - the text you want in uppercase
Properties
None
Example
//echo -a $upper(ab)
Note: A-Z and a-z are the only ranges of characters which the == and != operators consider to be case-insensitive equivalents of each other. However $upper $lower $isupper and $islower and the operators isupper and islower also consider 1894 codepoints in the range 192-65535 to have an uppercase or lowercase versions of themselves. This next command displays 1946 lines showing all codepoints affected by either $upper or $lower:
//var %i 1 , %c 0 | while (%i isnum 1-65535) { var -p %a $chr(%i) , %v1 %a %a , %v2 $upper(%a) $lower(%a) | if (%v1 !=== %v2) { inc %c | echo -a $ord(%c) codepoint %i is $chr(%i) upper is codepoint $asc($upper(%a)) $upper(%a) lower is codepoint $asc($lower(%a)) $lower(%a) } | inc %i }
If you edit the above command by changing !=== to != you can see the display shows 1894 rows instead of 1946. The difference is caused by the case-insensitive != operator viewing only the A-Z a-z ranges among those affected by $upper or $lower to be case-insensitive equivalents of each other.
If it's essential that your code changes ONLY the A-Z a-z ranges, use the aliases below. If you edit the above command to use $upper26() and $lower26() in place of $upper() and $lower(), the 1946-line display changes to show only the 52 characters in the A-Z a-z ranges:
//echo -a $upper($chr(233)) vs $lower($chr(233)) result: É vs é //echo -a $upper26($chr(233)) vs $lower26($chr(233)) result: é vs é
alias upper26 { returnex $regsubex($1,/([a-z])/g,$chr($calc($asc(\t) -32))) } alias lower26 { returnex $regsubex($1,/([A-Z])/g,$chr($calc($asc(\t) +32))) }
Compatibility
Added: mIRC v4.5
Added on: 30 Jun 1996
Note: Unless otherwise stated, this was the date of original functionality.
Further enhancements may have been made in later versions.