Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) is an electronic circuit that regulates and down steps voltage from its input (e.g., system power rail) to its output (e.g., integrated circuits) while stepping up current. In the context of a typical computer, the VRM converts the 12/5/3.3 V DC power rail that comes from the power supply unit into the much lower operating voltage of the integrated circuit (e.g. 0.8 V, 1 V, 1.2 V). VRMs are typically implemented as a switching regulator such as a buck converter due to their efficiency.