Semiconductor & Computer Engineering
The TMS1000 Series was a family of 4-bit microprocessors designed and manufactured by Texas Instruments in the early 1970s. Originally made using pMOS technology, TI later expended the family into nMOS and CMOS.
Contents
History
In September of 1971, the TMS1000 was completed. It was the first microprocessors ever created, designed by Texas Instruments engineers Gary Boone and Michael Cochran. Gary patented the invention on Aug 31, 1971. On Sep 4, 1973, he was awarded U.S. Patent 3,757,306. Unlike Intel's chips, TI's was not placed into the general market until 1974. Instead TI used the chip for their calculators.[1]
After being slightly refined, the chip was released to general market in 1974. A few dozen different variations were created with various ROM and RAM sizes.[1] Due to its cheap price, the TMS1000 family enjoyed a tremendous success in consumer electronics being used in everything from calculators, toys, games, and various appliances as well as photocopying machines and juke boxes.[1]
Overview
The TMS 1000 had a relatively simple design with only 43 instructions and 2 general purpose registers. Similar to the Intel 4004, the chip only had a single level of stack and no interrupts.
Chips
| Part Number | ROM | RAM | I/O Pins | Technology | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMS1000 | 1K | 64x4 | 23 | pMOS | |
| TMS1000C | 1K | 64x4 | 23 | CMOS | Identical to TMS1000, CMOS |
| TMS1018 | - | 64x4 | 4 | pMOS | |
| TMS1070 | 1K | 64x4 | pMOS | Built-in VF display controllers | |
| TMS1098 | - | 128x4 | pMOS | ||
| TMS1099 | - | 64x4 | pMOS | ||
| TMS1099C | - | 64x4 | CMOS | Identical to TMS1099, CMOS | |
| TMS1100 | 2K | 128x4 | pMOS | ||
| TMS1117 | 2K | 128x4 | pMOS | ||
| TMS1200 | 1K | 64x4 | pMOS | ||
| TMS1200C | 1K | 64x4 | CMOS | Identical to TMS1200, CMOS | |
| TMS1270 | 1K | 64x4 | pMOS | ||
| TMS1300 | 2K | 128x8 | 23 | pMOS | |
| TMS1400 | 4K | 128x4 | 22 | pMOS | |
| TMS1600 | 4K | 128x4 | 33 | pMOS | |
| TMS1700 | 512 | 32x4 | 21 | pMOS | |
| TMS2000 | 1K | 64x4 | nMOS | nMOS version of TMS1000 | |
| TMS2100 | 2K | 128x4 | nMOS | nMOS version of TMS1100 | |
| TMS2200 | 1K | 64x4 | nMOS | nMOS version of TMS1200 | |
| TMS2300 | 2K | 128x8 | nMOS | nMOS version of TMS1300 | |
| TMS2098 | - | 128x4 | nMOS | engineering sample | |
| TMS2099 | - | 64x4 | nMOS | engineering sample |