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{{title|Relay Computer}} | {{title|Relay Computer}} | ||
− | [[File:Harvard Mark I.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The {{ibm|Harvard Mark I}}, a [[relay logic|relay-based]] computer, one of the earliest, made by | + | [[File:Harvard Mark I.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The {{ibm|Harvard Mark I}}, a [[relay logic|relay-based]] computer, one of the earliest, made by [[IBM]] in 1944.]] |
− | A '''relay computer''' is a computer system built primarily using | + | A '''relay computer''' is a computer system built primarily using [[relay]]s and [[relay logic]]. |
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
{{expand section}} | {{expand section}} | ||
− | The idea of using [[relay]]s to realize [[logic circuit]]s was not new even in the 1920s. However it was not until the late 1930s that actual full-scale computers and calculators were developed. | + | The idea of using [[relay]]s to realize [[logic circuit]]s was not new even in the 1920s. However it was not until the late 1930s that actual full-scale computers and calculators were developed. However, it was not until the end of [[wikipedia:World War II|World War II]] that a large number of systems were built. |
The choice of using relays instead of [[vacuum tube]] boiled down to cost and availability. Standard telephone relays were already in wide use and were considerably cheaper than any other alternative, albeit slow and power hungry. Since most of the early relay computers were developed by independent individuals such as [[George Stibitz]] and [[Konrad Zuse]] and without a large budget, using relays made the most sense. | The choice of using relays instead of [[vacuum tube]] boiled down to cost and availability. Standard telephone relays were already in wide use and were considerably cheaper than any other alternative, albeit slow and power hungry. Since most of the early relay computers were developed by independent individuals such as [[George Stibitz]] and [[Konrad Zuse]] and without a large budget, using relays made the most sense. | ||
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| {{bell|Model III}} || || [[Bell Labs]] || 1,400 || 1944 || | | {{bell|Model III}} || || [[Bell Labs]] || 1,400 || 1944 || | ||
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− | | | + | | {{ibm|Harvard Mark I}} || [[Howard Aiken]] || [[IBM]] || 3,500 || 1944 || |
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| {{bell|Model IV}} || || [[Bell Labs]] || 1400 || 1945 || | | {{bell|Model IV}} || || [[Bell Labs]] || 1400 || 1945 || | ||
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| {{bell|Model V}} || || [[Bell Labs]] || 9,000 || 1946 || | | {{bell|Model V}} || || [[Bell Labs]] || 9,000 || 1946 || | ||
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− | | | + | | {{ibm|Harvard Mark II}} || [[Howard Aiken]] || [[IBM]] || || 1947 || |
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| {{ibm|SSEC}} || || [[IBM]] || 21,400 || 1948 || [[vacuum tube]]s & [[relay]]s hybrid | | {{ibm|SSEC}} || || [[IBM]] || 21,400 || 1948 || [[vacuum tube]]s & [[relay]]s hybrid | ||
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| [[BARK]] || || [[Matematikmaskinnämnden]] || 8,000 || 1950 || | | [[BARK]] || || [[Matematikmaskinnämnden]] || 8,000 || 1950 || | ||
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| {{etl|Mark I}} || || [[Electrotechnical Laboratory]] || || 1952 || | | {{etl|Mark I}} || || [[Electrotechnical Laboratory]] || || 1952 || | ||
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| {{etl|Mark II}} || || [[Electrotechnical Laboratory]] || 22,253 || 1955 || | | {{etl|Mark II}} || || [[Electrotechnical Laboratory]] || 22,253 || 1955 || | ||
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