A microcontroller (MCU) is a microprocessor that contains a few additional components such as RAM, ROM, and programmable I/O ports primarily designed to control and drive other electronic equipment. MCUs are designed to be embedded, usually in a highly restrictive environment.

Microcontrollers, usually consume very little power, may run relatively slow, and typically execute individual task-specific programs. This is in contrast to system on chips (SoC) which are much more powerful devices, capable of executing modern-day operating systems and applications.

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