Semiconductor & Computer Engineering
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Editing 4-bit architecture
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== Industry == | == Industry == | ||
| − | Most of the first [[microprocessor]]s during the early 1970s had 4-bit [[word]] sizes. Both the Intel {{intel|4004}}, the first commercial microprocessor, and the {{intel|4040}} had a 4-bit word length, but had {{arch|8}} instructions. Some of the first [[ | + | Most of the first [[microprocessor]]s during the early 1970s had 4-bit [[word]] sizes. Both the Intel {{intel|4004}}, the first commercial microprocessor, and the {{intel|4040}} had a 4-bit word length, but had {{arch|8}} instructions. Some of the first [[microcontrollers]] such has the [[TMS1000]] made by [[Texas Instruments]] and NEC's {{nec|μPD751}} also had 4-bit words. |
| − | + | 4-bit word were proven to be very limiting and by 1974 there was a shift to larger architectures such as {{arch|8|8-}} and {{arch|12|12-}} bit architectures. Some 4-bit chips are still made to date such as the [[Epson]]'s {{epson|S1C60}} and {{epson|S1C63}} MCU [[microprocessor family|families]]. Modern 4-bit microprocessors, however, are much different to the first generation microprocessors of the 1970s - in terms of architecture, performance, and overall capabilities. | |
== Applications == | == Applications == | ||
| − | Most | + | Most 4-bit [[microprocessor]]s were used almost exclusively in calculators and toys, later on for various utilities, video games, controllers, and early computers. 4 bits was a logical choice for many calculators that used [[binary coded decimal|BDC]] numbers representation. |
| − | Today, 4-bit chips such as {{epson|S1C60|S1C60 family}} are still manufactured are used in many low-power devices, wireless tools, and [[internet of things]] | + | Today, 4-bit chips such as {{epson|S1C60|S1C60 family}} are still manufactured are used in many low-power devices, wireless tools, and [[internet of things]]. |
== 4-bit microprocessors == | == 4-bit microprocessors == | ||
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* {{fairchild|9400|Fairchild 9400}} | * {{fairchild|9400|Fairchild 9400}} | ||
* {{fairchild|PPS-25|Fairchild PPS-25}} | * {{fairchild|PPS-25|Fairchild PPS-25}} | ||
| + | * {{hitachi|hmcs-4/hd35404|Hitachi HD35404}} | ||
* [[HP Saturn]] (64-bit register, 4-bit data path) | * [[HP Saturn]] (64-bit register, 4-bit data path) | ||
| − | * {{intel|4004|Intel 4004}} | + | * {{intel|4004|Intel 4004}} |
* {{intel|4040|Intel 4040}} | * {{intel|4040|Intel 4040}} | ||
| − | * {{motorola| | + | * {{mmi|5700|MMI 5700}} |
| + | * {{motorola|mc10800 series|Motorola MC10800}} | ||
* {{national|IMP-4|National IMP-4}} | * {{national|IMP-4|National IMP-4}} | ||
* {{rockwell|PPS-4|Rockwell PPS-4}} | * {{rockwell|PPS-4|Rockwell PPS-4}} | ||
| + | * [[TMS1000]] | ||
| + | * [[Toshiba T3472]] | ||
== 4-bit microcontrollers == | == 4-bit microcontrollers == | ||
| − | |||
* {{ami|S2000|AMI S2000}} | * {{ami|S2000|AMI S2000}} | ||
* {{epson|S1C60|Epson S1C60}} | * {{epson|S1C60|Epson S1C60}} | ||
* {{epson|S1C63|Epson S1C63}} | * {{epson|S1C63|Epson S1C63}} | ||
| − | + | * {{fujitsu|MB8840|Fujitsu MB8840}} | |
| − | * {{fujitsu|MB8840|Fujitsu MB8840 | ||
* {{fujitsu|MB8850|Fujitsu MB8850}}/{{fujitsu|MB88500|500}} | * {{fujitsu|MB8850|Fujitsu MB8850}}/{{fujitsu|MB88500|500}} | ||
| − | * | + | * [[Hitachi HD404729S]] |
* {{hitachi|HMCS40|Hitachi HMCS40}} | * {{hitachi|HMCS40|Hitachi HMCS40}} | ||
* {{hitachi|HMCS400|Hitachi HMCS400}} | * {{hitachi|HMCS400|Hitachi HMCS400}} | ||
* {{itt|7150|ITT 7150}} | * {{itt|7150|ITT 7150}} | ||
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* {{national|MAPS|National MAPS}} | * {{national|MAPS|National MAPS}} | ||
| + | * {{national|MM5700|National MM5700}} | ||
* {{national|COPS I|National COPS I}} | * {{national|COPS I|National COPS I}} | ||
* {{national|COPS II|National COPS II}} | * {{national|COPS II|National COPS II}} | ||
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* {{nec|μPD751|NEC μPD751}} | * {{nec|μPD751|NEC μPD751}} | ||
* {{nec|μPD707|NEC μPD707}} | * {{nec|μPD707|NEC μPD707}} | ||
| − | * {{ | + | * {{matsushita|MN1400|Matsushita MN1400}} |
| − | * {{ | + | * {{matsushita|MN1500|Matsushita MN1500}} |
| − | * {{ | + | * {{mitsu|MELPS 4|Mitsubishi MELPS 4}} |
| − | * | + | * [[MARC4]] |
| − | * | + | * [[OKI MSM6411]] |
* {{rockwell|PPS-4-1|Rockwell PPS-4/1}} | * {{rockwell|PPS-4-1|Rockwell PPS-4/1}} | ||
| − | * [[Sanyo | + | * [[Sanyo LM6402G]] |
| − | * [[Sanyo | + | * [[Sanyo LC587004]] |
| − | * [[Sanyo | + | * [[Sanyo LC587008]] |
| − | * | + | * [[Sanyo LC58E68]] |
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Sharp SM552]] |
| − | * | + | * [[Toshiba TLCS-47]] |
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* {{wd|CR1872 series|WD CR1872}} | * {{wd|CR1872 series|WD CR1872}} | ||
* {{wd|WD4200|WD WD4200}} | * {{wd|WD4200|WD WD4200}} | ||
| − | |||
[[Category:4-bit microprocessors]] | [[Category:4-bit microprocessors]] | ||
