A Neural Processing Unit (NPU) or a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is a microprocessor that specializes in the acceleration of machine learning algorithms, typically by operating on predictive models such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) or random forests (RFs).

NPUs sometimes go by similar names such as a Neural Network Processor ('NNP) and Intelligence Processing Unit (IPU) as well as Vision Processing Unit (VPU) and Graph Processing Unit (GPU).

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