(→2000s) |
(→1990s) |
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| 1990 || [[File:HST-SM4.jpeg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble Space Telescope]] || | | 1990 || [[File:HST-SM4.jpeg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Hubble Space Telescope|Hubble Space Telescope]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | rowspan="2" | 1992 || [[File:MSTI-1 drawing.gif|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:MSTI-1|MSTI-1]] || | + | | rowspan="2" | 1991 || [[File:UARS 1.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite|Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite]] || |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[File:Cartoon CGRO.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Compton Gamma Ray Observatory|CGRO]] || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="4" | 1992 || [[File:MSTI-1 drawing.gif|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:MSTI-1|MSTI-1]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:SAMPEX 3.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer|SAMPEX]] || | | [[File:SAMPEX 3.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer|SAMPEX]] || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[File:EUVE Photo.gif|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer|EUVE]] || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[File:TOPEX;Poseidon.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:TOPEX/Poseidon|TOPEX/Poseidon]] || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 1993 || || [[Wikipedia:PoSAT-1|PoSAT-1]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" | 1994 || [[File:MSTI-2.gif|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:MSTI-2|MSTI-2]] || | | rowspan="2" | 1994 || [[File:MSTI-2.gif|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:MSTI-2|MSTI-2]] || | ||
Line 63: | Line 73: | ||
| 1995 || || [[Wikipedia:MSTI-3|MSTI-3]] || | | 1995 || || [[Wikipedia:MSTI-3|MSTI-3]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | rowspan=" | + | | 1996 || [[File:FAST.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer|FAST]] || |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="3" | 1997 || [[File:Mars Global Surveyor.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Mars Global Surveyor|Mars Global Surveyor]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Sojourner on Mars PIA01122.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Mars Global Surveyor|Mars Global Surveyor]] || | | [[File:Sojourner on Mars PIA01122.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Mars Global Surveyor|Mars Global Surveyor]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | [[File:Cassini Saturn Orbit Insertion.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Cassini–Huygens|Cassini–Huygens]] || | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | rowspan=" | + | | rowspan="4" | 1998 || [[File:International Space Station after undocking of STS-132.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:International Space Station|International Space Station]] || |
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Swas 1.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite|SWAS]] || | | [[File:Swas 1.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite|SWAS]] || | ||
Line 75: | Line 87: | ||
| [[File:TRACE satellite.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:TRACE|TRACE]] || | | [[File:TRACE satellite.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:TRACE|TRACE]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | rowspan=" | + | | [[File:Deep Space 1 using its ion engine.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Deep Space 1|Deep Space 1]] || |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="4" | 1999 || [[File:TERRA am1.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Terra (satellite)|Terra]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Wire.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Wide Field Infrared Explorer|WIRE]] || | | [[File:Wire.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Wide Field Infrared Explorer|WIRE]] || | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || [[Wikipedia:UoSAT-12|UoSAT-12]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [[File:FUSE 1.jpg|200px]] || [[Wikipedia:Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer|FUSE]] || | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 06:10, 8 February 2014
Over the years various microprocessors have been used in many different spacecrafts. Microprocessors are used in spacecrafts are designed to be exceptionally reliable and highly durable. Because of that, often the same set of chips that have been tested and proven to work are used in many spacecrafts. Below is a list of microprocessors used in spacecrafts.
1960s
Year | Picture | Spacecraft | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1959-1963 | 200px | Mercury spacecraft | The Mercury spacecraft, NASA's first human spaceflight, had barely enough space for a single occupant. The spacecraft had no independent maneuvering capabilities - relying completely on the Atlas booster rocket. Because of that, it was unnecessary for the spacecraft to have a dedicated on-board computer. Limited functionality was done by various smaller systems. |
1962-1966 | ![]() |
Gemini Spacecraft | The Gemini Spacecraft, part of Project Gemini, NASA's second human spaceflight program, that ran from 1965-1966, carried an on-board digital computer called the Gemini Guidance Computer. The computer, which weighted fifty pounds and measured nineteen inches long, had about 19.5KB of memory. |
1961-1972 | ![]() |
Apollo spacecraft | The Apollo spacecraft, part of the Apollo program, NASA's third human spaceflight program, that ran from 1961 to 1972, carried an on-board digital computer called the Apollo Guidance Computer. The 16-bit computer weighted 70 pounds and consumed 55W had a clock speed of 2.048 MHz. |
1970s
Year | Picture | Spacecraft | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1971 | ![]() |
Pioneer 10 | The Pioneer 10, which was launched on March 3, 1972, became the first spacecraft to achieve escape velocity from the Solar System. The spacecraft's process were made of individual transistor-transistor logic chips. A common myth is that the Intel 4004 powered the Pioneer 10, however, this is incorrect. |
1973 | Pioneer 11 | The Pioneer 11, was launched on April 6, 1973 in order to study the Asteroid belt. Just like it's twin prob, the Pioneer 10, its CPU was also a custom-designed TTL CPU. | |
![]() |
Skylab | The Skylab, which was launched on May 14, 1973, and operated until 1979, used an IBM System/4Pi model TC-1 (Tactical Computer), a miniaturized and hardened version of the IBM System/360 computers. | |
1975 | ![]() |
Viking 1 | The Viking 1, the first of two spacecrafts, was launched on August 20, 1975. The Viking 2, was launched a litter later on September 9, 1975 The computer on-board the Viking Orbiter was the Viking Orbiter CCS, a custom 18-bit TTL computer designed by General Electric. The lander computers, the Guidance, Control and Sequencing Computer, used two Honeywell HDC 402 microprocessors. (A common myth is that the Viking used an RCA 1802, this is incorrect). |
Viking 2 | |||
1977 | ![]() |
Voyager 1 | The Voyager 1 and its sister craft Voyager 2 were launched on September 5 and August 20 of 1977 and are still operating to date (2014). On August 25, 2012, NASA announced that Voyager 1 entered interstellar space.
Each craft carries three dual-redundant computer systems. The first one, the Voyager Command and Control Subsystem (CCS), was in charge of general spacecraft sequencing and general health functionality. The second one, the Voyager Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystems (AACS) used a slight variation of the CCS. The third computer was the Voyager's data computer, which was a custom 4-bit CMOS microprocessor. |
Voyager 2 |
1980s
Year | Picture | Spacecraft | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1981-2011 | ![]() |
Space Shuttle | The Space Shuttles uses 5 identical (for redundancy) 32-bit IBM APA-101S microprocessors. The shuttle system was called the Data Processing System which was composed of Primary Avionics Software System (PASS), that ran in 4 of the computers and the Backup Flight System on the fifth. |
1989 | |
Galileo |
1990s
Year | Picture | Spacecraft | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1990 | ![]() |
Hubble Space Telescope | |
1991 | ![]() |
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite | |
![]() |
CGRO | ||
1992 | ![]() |
MSTI-1 | |
![]() |
SAMPEX | ||
![]() |
EUVE | ||
![]() |
TOPEX/Poseidon | ||
1993 | PoSAT-1 | ||
1994 | ![]() |
MSTI-2 | |
![]() |
Clementine | ||
1995 | MSTI-3 | ||
1996 | ![]() |
FAST | |
1997 | ![]() |
Mars Global Surveyor | |
![]() |
Mars Global Surveyor | ||
![]() |
Cassini–Huygens | ||
1998 | ![]() |
International Space Station | |
![]() |
SWAS | ||
![]() |
TRACE | ||
![]() |
Deep Space 1 | ||
1999 | ![]() |
Terra | |
![]() |
WIRE | ||
UoSAT-12 | |||
![]() |
FUSE |
2000s
Year | Picture | Spacecraft | Description |
---|---|---|---|
2000 | Cluster II | ||
![]() |
MightySat-2.1 | ||
2002 | ![]() |
Aqua | |
![]() |
RHESSI | ||
2003 | ![]() |
Spirit Rover | |
![]() |
Opportunity rover | ||
200px | Spitzer Space Telescope | ||
2004 | ![]() |
Rosetta | |
![]() |
Aura | ||
![]() |
Swift | ||
![]() |
Gravity Probe B | ||
2006 | 200px | New Horizons | |
2007 | ![]() |
Dawn |
2010s
Year | Picture | Spacecraft | Description |
---|---|---|---|
2011 | ![]() |
Curiosity rover | |
2012 | ![]() |
Project Morpheus |