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− | + | '''File Handling''' allows you to manipulate files on disk using seperate, simple operations. This allows for efficiency. | |
To understand how it works, you must be familiar with text file operations such as {{mIRC|/write}} and {{mIRC|$read}}. | To understand how it works, you must be familiar with text file operations such as {{mIRC|/write}} and {{mIRC|$read}}. | ||
− | + | == /fopen == | |
− | == | ||
/fopen [-nox] <name> <filename> | /fopen [-nox] <name> <filename> | ||
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{{mIRC|/fopen}} opens the filename and use the specified name to reference it. | {{mIRC|/fopen}} opens the filename and use the specified name to reference it. | ||
− | The command fail by default if the file does not | + | The command fail by default if the file does not exists, the -n switch create the file if it does not exist, fails if it exists. The -o switch create a new file if it does not exist but overwrite the file if it exists. The -x switch opens the file for exclusive access, others processus cannot access that file |
− | '''Note | + | '''Note''': if /fopen fails, it does not halt processing, you must check {{mIRC|$ferr}} to see if any error occured, see below. |
After you opened a file with /fopen, you have a pointer of the content of the file, it starts at 0. This pointer is the starting position to read/write from. | After you opened a file with /fopen, you have a pointer of the content of the file, it starts at 0. This pointer is the starting position to read/write from. | ||
− | == | + | == /fseek == |
/fseek -lnwr <name> <position> | /fseek -lnwr <name> <position> | ||
− | {{mIRC|/fseek}} sets the read/write pointer to the specified <position | + | {{mIRC|/fseek}} sets the read/write pointer to the specified <position in the file, unless you use a switch: |
* -l - sets the pointer to the beginning of the Nth line, use <position> to specify the Nth line | * -l - sets the pointer to the beginning of the Nth line, use <position> to specify the Nth line | ||
* -n - sets the pointer to the beginning of the next line (from the current position of the read/write pointer), this does not take a parameter | * -n - sets the pointer to the beginning of the next line (from the current position of the read/write pointer), this does not take a parameter | ||
− | * -w - sets the pointer to the beginning of the line matching the | + | * -w - sets the pointer to the beginning of the line matching the wildcard expression, use <position> to specify the wildcard expression |
* -r - sets the pointer to the beginning of the line matching the regular expression, use <position> to specify the regular expression | * -r - sets the pointer to the beginning of the line matching the regular expression, use <position> to specify the regular expression | ||
− | If /fseek fails, it sets the pointer to the end of the file | + | If /fseek fails, it sets the pointer to the end of the file. |
− | == | + | == /fwrite == |
/fwrite [-bn] <name> <text | &binvar> | /fwrite [-bn] <name> <text | &binvar> | ||
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{{mIRC|/fwrite}} allows you to write to the file at the current pointer position, -b specify a binary variable, -n adds a $crlf at the end of the line. | {{mIRC|/fwrite}} allows you to write to the file at the current pointer position, -b specify a binary variable, -n adds a $crlf at the end of the line. | ||
− | == | + | == /fclose == |
/fclose <name | wildcard> | /fclose <name | wildcard> | ||
− | {{mIRC|/fclose}} closes all the matching name ( | + | {{mIRC|/fclose}} closes all the matching name (wildcard expression allowed) |
− | == | + | == /flist == |
− | + | /flist just lists all the current handles. | |
− | == | + | == $fopen(name | N) == |
− | + | Returns the name of that handle if it exists, or the Nth handle. | |
Properties: | Properties: | ||
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* .err - returns $true if an error occured on the file | * .err - returns $true if an error occured on the file | ||
− | In a script, | + | In a script, $ferr = $fopen(handle).err and $feof = $fopen(handle).eof, always returns the state of last involved handle in a file handing command. |
− | + | Note: the .eof and .err properties must be checked after each file access command or identifier, since file access errors will not halt a script. | |
− | == | + | == $fread(name | N) == |
− | + | Returns the next $crlf delimited line, useful to read line by line | |
− | == | + | == $fread(name | N, M, &binvar) == |
− | + | Returns the number of bytes read (from the file pointed by name or the Nth handle) into the specified binary variable, where M is the number of bytes to read. | |
− | == | + | == $fgetc(name | N) == |
− | + | Returns the next character. | |
− | == | + | == Example == |
− | |||
− | Let's take a | + | Let's take a looke at /write, /write is a powerful tool which allows you to write to a file according to severals predefined options. |
A simple "/write filename.txt line" involves the following file handling operations: | A simple "/write filename.txt line" involves the following file handling operations: | ||
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* /fclose - closes the file | * /fclose - closes the file | ||
− | So, executing /write twice involves 8 file handling operations | + | So, executing /write twice involves 8 file handling operations, the more you have to write, the more operations you have, considers 3 /write, the 12 operations can be reduced to 5: |
<source lang="mIRC"> | <source lang="mIRC"> | ||
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write test.txt line 2 | write test.txt line 2 | ||
write test.txt line 3 | write test.txt line 3 | ||
− | |||
; is better written as | ; is better written as | ||
fopen test test.txt | fopen test test.txt | ||
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</source> | </source> | ||
− | The same thing applies to reading, $read opens the file, try to match and close the file, so any consecutive call to $read means the file is opened/closed each time. | + | The same thing applies to reading, $read opens the file, try to match and close the file, so any consecutive call to $read means the file is opened/closed each time. You can apply all $read search options with /fseek. |
+ | |||
+ | Here is another example, I wanted to be able to get the associated country for an ip address. You may use socket but I wanted to get the result without leaving the current scope (having to wait for the socket), COM may have been used but that would limit the use under Wine, so I found http://www.ip2nation.com/, which provides a small database each line being a range of long ip address, here is the first line: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <pre>"16777216","16777471","AU","AUSTRALIA"</pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | So you have to convert your ip to a long ip using $longip, and then start to look in which range your number belong? The file is pretty big, you certainly don't want to look line by line, I did the following: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <source lang="mIRC"> | ||
+ | ;$iptocountry(85.125.126.112) | ||
+ | alias iptocountry { | ||
+ | ;convert to a long ip, get the length of the file, and prepare a wildcard expression for /fseek | ||
+ | var %n $longip($1),%a 1,%p,%l $lof(path\to\ip2country.txt),%v,%x *","*","??","*" | ||
+ | ;opens the file | ||
+ | .fopen ip2c path\to\ip2country.txt | ||
+ | ;depending on the length of the ip address, we can jump to a fixed line number, which is the start of ranges for that length | ||
+ | if ($len(%n) == 9) .fseek -l ip2c 2266 | ||
+ | elseif ($v1 == 10) .fseek -l ip2c 11951 | ||
+ | ;%a starts at 1, as long as we can find a matching line which start with the maximum number of character from the ip address | ||
+ | while $mid(%n,1,%a) { | ||
+ | .fseek -w ip2c $+(",$mid(%n,1,%a),%x) | ||
+ | ; if no match, we break | ||
+ | if ($fopen(ip2c).pos == %l) break | ||
+ | ;otherwise we keep the position in a variable to know which line we have the last match | ||
+ | var %p $v1,%a %a + 1 | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | ;get to that line | ||
+ | .fseek ip2c %p | ||
+ | ;from here we must check if the line we are on is already the correct line | ||
+ | %v = $fread(ip2c) | ||
+ | ;if the right value of the range is bigger than our number, we must go upward in the file | ||
+ | if ($gettok(%v,3,34) > %n) { | ||
+ | ;well if the left value of the range is smaller than our number, we have our line! | ||
+ | if ($gettok(%v,1,34) < %n) { | ||
+ | ;if it is, we return | ||
+ | %v = $gettok(%v,7,34) | ||
+ | .fclose ip2c | ||
+ | return %v | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | ;otherwise we must go upward one line, they can't be more line to check (can't remember why though!) | ||
+ | .fseek ip2c $calc(%p - 3) | ||
+ | dec %p 3 | ||
+ | while (1) { | ||
+ | if ($fgetc(ip2c) == 10) { | ||
+ | %v = $fread(ip2c) | ||
+ | .fclose ip2c | ||
+ | return $gettok(%v,7,34) | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | dec %p | ||
+ | .fseek ip2c %p | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | ;otherwise, we must go downward in the file until the right value of the range is bigger than our number | ||
+ | while $fread(ip2c) { | ||
+ | %v = $v1 | ||
+ | if ($gettok(%v,3,34) > %n) break | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | .fclose ip2c | ||
+ | return $gettok(%v,7,34) | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | </source> | ||
− | + | You can find the file here if you want to try: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/4249275/ip2country.txt |