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{{analog computer | {{analog computer | ||
|title = PACE 231R | |title = PACE 231R | ||
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|developer = [[Electronic Associates]] | |developer = [[Electronic Associates]] | ||
|manufacturer = [[Electronic Associates]] | |manufacturer = [[Electronic Associates]] | ||
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|release = 1958<ref name="b1">{{cite book|last=Small|first=James|middle=S|title=The Analogue Alternative: The Electronic Analogue Computer in Britain and the USA, 1930-1975|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|pages=46|isbn=9781134699025}}</ref> | |release = 1958<ref name="b1">{{cite book|last=Small|first=James|middle=S|title=The Analogue Alternative: The Electronic Analogue Computer in Britain and the USA, 1930-1975|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|pages=46|isbn=9781134699025}}</ref> | ||
|init price = $20,000-1,000,000<ref name="b1" /> | |init price = $20,000-1,000,000<ref name="b1" /> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''PACE 231R''' was an [[analog computer]] developed by [[Electronic Associates]] in 1958<ref name="b1" />. The 231R was EAI's flagship computer becoming the most widely used analog computer system in the world - operating in various places well into the late 1970s and even early 1980s. | The '''PACE 231R''' was an [[analog computer]] developed by [[Electronic Associates]] in 1958<ref name="b1" />. The 231R was EAI's flagship computer becoming the most widely used analog computer system in the world - operating in various places well into the late 1970s and even early 1980s. | ||
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[[File:X-15 Simulator.png|thumb|right|200px|X-15 Simulator]] | [[File:X-15 Simulator.png|thumb|right|200px|X-15 Simulator]] | ||
In 1956, during the development of the North American X-15, no digital computer had the performance capabilities of delivering flight simulation calculations in real time which is why NASA chose the EAI PACE 231R analog computer instead. Three EAI 231R computers, containing 380 operational amplifiers, 101 function generators, 32 servo amplifiers, and 5 electrical multipliers networked together made up the simulator. The simulator covered 0.2 to 7.0 Mach at altitudes from sea level to 1,056,000 feet. It was not, however, capable of providing meaningful landing simulations. <ref name="x-15">{{cite book|last=Jenkins|first=Dennis|middle=R|title=X-15: Extending the Frontiers of Flight|year=2012|publisher=NASA (EBook)|pages=Chapter 6|ryear=2015|rmonth=12|rday=20|url=http://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebooks/aero_x15_detail.html}}</ref> | In 1956, during the development of the North American X-15, no digital computer had the performance capabilities of delivering flight simulation calculations in real time which is why NASA chose the EAI PACE 231R analog computer instead. Three EAI 231R computers, containing 380 operational amplifiers, 101 function generators, 32 servo amplifiers, and 5 electrical multipliers networked together made up the simulator. The simulator covered 0.2 to 7.0 Mach at altitudes from sea level to 1,056,000 feet. It was not, however, capable of providing meaningful landing simulations. <ref name="x-15">{{cite book|last=Jenkins|first=Dennis|middle=R|title=X-15: Extending the Frontiers of Flight|year=2012|publisher=NASA (EBook)|pages=Chapter 6|ryear=2015|rmonth=12|rday=20|url=http://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebooks/aero_x15_detail.html}}</ref> | ||
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===Langley Research Center / Project Mercury=== | ===Langley Research Center / Project Mercury=== | ||
In June 1960 EAI won a $1.51M contract to supply NASA's Langley Research Center with five fully expended PACE 231R systems. Those systems were used for various aspects of the Mercury project, including space station rendezvous. It was also used for the simulation of missile launches and satellites.<ref name="b1" /> | In June 1960 EAI won a $1.51M contract to supply NASA's Langley Research Center with five fully expended PACE 231R systems. Those systems were used for various aspects of the Mercury project, including space station rendezvous. It was also used for the simulation of missile launches and satellites.<ref name="b1" /> | ||
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** Steam-generating heavy water reactor (SGHWR)<ref name="uk" /> | ** Steam-generating heavy water reactor (SGHWR)<ref name="uk" /> | ||
== Documents == | == Documents == | ||
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* [[:File:EAI 231R Manual (1960).pdf|EAI 231R Manual (1960)]] | * [[:File:EAI 231R Manual (1960).pdf|EAI 231R Manual (1960)]] | ||
* [[:File:EAI PACE 231R Brochure (1958).pdf|EAI 231R sales brochure (1958)]] | * [[:File:EAI PACE 231R Brochure (1958).pdf|EAI 231R sales brochure (1958)]] | ||
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== References== | == References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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