Editing amd/am5x86

{{amd title|Am5x86}}
{{ic family
| title             = Am5<sub>x</sub>86
| image             = KL AMD 5x86.jpg
| caption           = {{\|AMD-X5-133ADW}}
| developer         = AMD
| manufacturer      = AMD
| type              = Microprocessors
| first announced   = 1995
| first launched    = November 6, 1995
| production start  = 
| production end    = 
| arch              = Enhanced Am486
| isa               = IA-32
| microarch         = 80486
| word              = 32 bit
| proc              = 350 nm
| tech              = CMOS
| clock min         = 133 MHz
| clock max         = 150 MHz
| package           = CPGA-168
| package 2         = SQFP-208
| socket            = Socket 1
| socket 2          = Socket 2
| socket 3          = Socket 3

| succession       = Yes
| predecessor      = Am486
| predecessor link = amd/am486
| successor        = K5
| successor link   = amd/k5
}}
'''Am5<sub>x</sub>86''' (internal codename '''[[codename::Am486Plus]]''') was a family of highest performance {{intel|80486|486}}-based microprocessors introduced by [[AMD]] in [[1995]]. These processors came with all the features of the {{amd|Am486#Enhanced Am486|Enhanced Am486s}} but had the highest clock speed available. These chips, which ended up performing similarly and on occasion better than the {{intel|Pentium}}-75, became the de-facto upgrade for users with existing 486-based systems. This family solidified AMD position as the official Intel competition.

== History ==
In 1995 AMD was busy working on their first home-grown [[x86]]-compatible [[microarchitecture]], {{\\|microarchitectures/k5|K5}}. Has a sort of a stopgap between the {{amd|Am486}} and the yet-to-be-released K5-based processors, AMD released the Am5x86 family. The name came about due to competitors selling 5th generation-based [[x86]] processors (e.g. {{Cyrix|Cyrix 5x86}}) - people were more likely to buy a system with "5" vs "4". AMD took this opportunity to utilize their latest technology and release a final, highest clocked 486 chip for much lower price than their competitor's latest chips. This is very similar to what they had done with their highly successful {{amd|Am386/Am386DX-40|40 MHz}} version of their {{amd|Am386}} family. Later, strong sales of Am5x86 played a crucial role in keeping AMD's profitability while their {{\\|microarchitectures/k5|K5}} microarchitecture was experiencing severe delays. AMD continued to sell Am5x86 chips for personal computers until 1999 and for embedded systems well into the 2000s.

== Architecture ==
Contrary to its namesake, the 5x86 was not a "5th-generation x86". Architecturally, the 5x86 is identical to the {{amd|Am486#Enhanced Am486|Enhanced Am486s}} which included various system and power management features (e.g. SMM & Stop-clock control). Additionally the 5x86 came with the larger 16 KB write-back L1$. The processors were manufactured on AMD's newly upgraded [[350 nm process]] which is what allowed AMD to clock it as high and compete with [[intel|Intel's]] low-end {{intel|Pentium}}s. AMD had to clock the 5x86 at much higher frequency in order to compensate for its inefficiencies and deliver performance comparable to the Pentium-75. The clock multiplier was set to x4 (e.g. bus speed of 33 MHz would have a core frequency of 133 MHz). Essentially, one can think of the 5x86 as a "Am486DX5-133". In fact, AMD simply sold the Am5x86 clocked under 133 MHz as Enhanced Am486 instead.

Being backwards compatible, the 5x86 could go in the older [[Socket 1]], [[Socket 2]], and [[Socket 3]]. However Socket 1/2 both required a replacement voltage regulator as the chips needed 3.45 V to operate. Depending on the motherboard, it either had a manual jumper one has to set or an autodetect version, voltage must be set to 3.45 (± 0.15 tolerance). Likewise the input clock must be set to 33 MHz with a jumper set to quadrupled clock (note that because there is no such provision in the socket, setting the "clock-doubled" setting should cause the CLKMUL pin to be driven high allowing the processor to operate at x4 multiplier). While set to 133 MHz, many in the hobbyist community have reported to have had it [[overclocked]] to 160 MHz which would put it at performance similar to the Pentium-90. The later versions had higher package temperature rating, making them easier to be overclocked. 

=== Die Shot ===
[[File:AMD Am5x86 die.JPG|650px]]

== Members ==
AMD released a 133 MHz version with a multiplier of x4 and a 150 MHz version with a multiplier for x3. Various publications by AMD (including their own BIOS manual) mentioned a 160 MHz version with a multiplier of x4, however that processor was never actually released.
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<table class="wikitable sortable">
<tr><th colspan="11" style="background:#D6D6FF;">Am5x86 Processors</th></tr>
<tr><th>Model</th><th>Launched</th><th>Process</th><th>Freq</th><th>Mult.</th><th>Bus</th><th>Max Mem</th><th>V<sub>CORE</sub></th><th>Package</th><th>Min T<sub>case</sub></th><th>Max T<sub>case</sub></th></tr>
{{#ask: [[Category:microprocessor models by amd]][[instance of::microprocessor]][[microprocessor family::Am5x86]]
 |?full page name
 |?model number
 |?first launched
 |?process
 |?base frequency#MHz
 |?clock multiplier
 |?bus speed#MHz
 |?max memory#GB
 |?core voltage
 |?package
 |?min case temperature#°C
 |?max case temperature#°C
 |format=template
 |template=proc table 2
 |userparam=12
 |sep=,
 |mainlabel=-
}}
{{table count|col=11|ask=[[Category:microprocessor models by amd]][[instance of::microprocessor]][[microprocessor family::Am5x86]]}}
</table>

== Performance Rating (PR) ==
{{main|p-rating|l1=Performance Rating}}
'''P-Rating''' or '''Performance Rating''' was a rating system devised by AMD and a number of other manufacturers to equate the performance of their processors with [[Intel]]'s {{intel|Pentium (1992)|Pentium}} equivalent models. While being controversial, the rating scheme allowed users to compare the general performance of the processors under typical load.

== Documents ==

=== Datasheets ===
* [[:File:Am5x86 Microprocessor Family (March, 1996).pdf|Am5x86 Microprocessor Family (March, 1996)]], Publication #19751
* [[:File:AMD Enhanced Am486 (March, 1997).pdf|AMD Enhanced Am486 (March, 1997)]], Publication #20736, includes DX5-133 models

=== Manuals ===
* [[:File:AMD BIOS Development Guide (Enhanced Am486-Am5x86; August, 1995).pdf|AMD BIOS Development Guide (Enhanced Am486-Am5x86; August, 1995)]]

=== Thermal & Clock ===
* [[:File:Clock Gating Recommendations (Am486, Am5x86, K5) (August 1995).pdf|Clock Gating Recommendations]]; Publication #19195 Revision C/0; August 1995
* [[:File:CPU Thermal Management (Am486, Am5x86, K5) (August 1995).pdf|CPU Thermal Management]]; Publication #18448 Revision D/0; August 1995.
* [[:File:Low Voltage Power Supply Circuits (Am486, Am5x86, K5) (August 1995).pdf|Low Voltage Power Supply Circuits]]; Publication #19197 Revision D/0; August 1995.
* [[:File:Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Clock Control (Am486, Am5x86, K5) (August 1995).pdf|Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Clock Control]]; Publication #18495 Revision D/0; August 1995.

== See Also ==
* {{amd|Am486}}
* {{intel|80486|i486}}
codename	Am486Plus +
designer	AMD +
first announced	1995 +
first launched	November 6, 1995 +
full page name	amd/am5x86 +
instance of	microprocessor family +
instruction set architecture	IA-32 +
main designer	AMD +
manufacturer	AMD +
microarchitecture	80486 +
name	Am5<sub>x</sub>86 +
package	CPGA-168 + and SQFP-208 +
process	350 nm (0.35 μm, 3.5e-4 mm) +
socket	Socket 1 +, Socket 2 + and Socket 3 +
technology	CMOS +
word size	32 bit (4 octets, 8 nibbles) +