Semiconductor & Computer Engineering
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== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
| − | A program is an ordered set of operations that implements one or more [[algorithm]] in order to solve some problem or complete a task. Programs are usually written by a programmer using a [[programming language]], however they may also be created automatically using specialized code generators. [[Programming]] involves | + | A program is an ordered set of operations that implements one or more [[algorithm]] in order to solve some problem or complete a task. Programs are usually written by a programmer using a [[programming language]], however they may also be created automatically using specialized code generators. [[Programming]] is typically involves writing [[source code]], testing it, and modifying it appropriately. [[Software engineering]] is the discipline under which program development is done which involves the [[software design|design]], [[software construction|construction]], [[software testing|testing]], and [[software maintenance|maintenance]]. |
=== Types of programs === | === Types of programs === | ||
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Traditionally, programs in human-readable form ([[source code]]) were converted into an [[executable]] file which could be executed directly by the underlying hardware. Over time a number of other alternatives were developed: | Traditionally, programs in human-readable form ([[source code]]) were converted into an [[executable]] file which could be executed directly by the underlying hardware. Over time a number of other alternatives were developed: | ||
| − | :'''Compiled Program''' is a [[machine code]] version of the of the original program that was in [[source code]] form. The machine code was generated by a [[compiler]] which performed the [[compilation|conversion]]. [[Machine code]] can be executed directly by the underlying hardware. This is the kind of process that goes along with languages such as [[C]], [[C++]], [[Fortran]], and [[Lisp]] (see [[compiled language]]). | + | :'''Compiled Program''' is a [[machine code]] version of the of the original program that was in [[source code]] form. The machine code was generated by a [[compiler]] which performed the [[compilation|conversion]]. [[Machine code]] can be executed directly by the underlying hardware. This is the kind of process that goes along with languages such as [[C]], [[C++]], [[Fortran]], and [[Lisp]] (see [[compiled language]]). |
:'''Emulated Program''' is a [[p-code]] (or bytecode) version of the original program that was in [[source code]] form. The portable code was generated by a [[compiler]], however, unlike machine code, p-code cannot typically be executed directly by the hardware and instead needs the assistance of a [[virtual machine]] in order to process such code. This is the idea behind languages such as [[Java]] and [[MATLAB]]. | :'''Emulated Program''' is a [[p-code]] (or bytecode) version of the original program that was in [[source code]] form. The portable code was generated by a [[compiler]], however, unlike machine code, p-code cannot typically be executed directly by the hardware and instead needs the assistance of a [[virtual machine]] in order to process such code. This is the idea behind languages such as [[Java]] and [[MATLAB]]. | ||
