Editing mirc/file handling

{{mirc title|File Handling}}'''File Handling''' allows you to manipulate files on disk using seperate, simple operations. This allows for efficiency.

To understand how it works, you must be familiar with text file operations such as {{mIRC|/write}} and {{mIRC|$read}}.


== {{mIRC|/fopen}} ==

/fopen [-nox] <name> <filename>

{{mIRC|/fopen}} opens the filename and use the specified name to reference it.

The command fail by default if the file does not exist, the -n switch creates the file if it does not exist, but fails if it exists. The -o switch creates a new file if it does not exist but overwrites the file if it exists. The -x switch opens the file for exclusive access, others processus cannot access that file

'''Note:''' if /fopen fails, it does not halt processing, you must check {{mIRC|$ferr}} to see if any error occured, see below.

After you opened a file with /fopen, you have a pointer of the content of the file, it starts at 0. This pointer is the starting position to read/write from.

== {{mIRC|/fseek}} ==

/fseek -lnwr <name> <position>

{{mIRC|/fseek}} sets the read/write pointer to the specified <position> in the file, unless you use a switch:

* -l - sets the pointer to the beginning of the Nth line, use <position> to specify the Nth line
* -n - sets the pointer to the beginning of the next line (from the current position of the read/write pointer), this does not take a parameter
* -w - sets the pointer to the beginning of the line matching the wildcard expression, use <position> to specify the wildcard expression
* -r - sets the pointer to the beginning of the line matching the regular expression, use <position> to specify the regular expression

If /fseek fails, it sets the pointer to the end of the file, you must check $fopen().eof or $feof to know if /fseek failed.

== {{mIRC|/fwrite}} ==

/fwrite [-bn] <name> <text | &binvar>

{{mIRC|/fwrite}} allows you to write to the file at the current pointer position, -b specify a binary variable, -n adds a $crlf at the end of the line.

== {{mIRC|/fclose}} ==

/fclose <name | wildcard>

{{mIRC|/fclose}} closes all the matching name (wildcard expression allowed)

== {{mIRC|/flist}} ==

{{mIRC|/flist}} just lists all the current handles.

== {{mIRC|$fopen}}(name | N) ==

{{mIRC|$fopen}} Returns the name of that handle if it exists, or the Nth handle.
 
Properties:
* .fname - returns the complete filename opened for that handle
* .pos - returns the current position of the read/write pointer
* .eof - returns $true if the end of the file has been reached
* .err - returns $true if an error occured on the file

In a script, {{mIRC|$ferr}} = $fopen(handle).err and {{mIRC|$feof}} = $fopen(handle).eof, always returns the state of last involved handle in a file handing command.

'''Note:''' Since file access errors will not halt a script, the eof and err properties or identifiers must be checked after each file access command.

== {{mIRC|$fread}}(name | N) ==

This form of {{mIRC|$fread}} returns the next $crlf delimited line, useful to read line by line

== {{mIRC|$fread}}(name | N, M, &binvar) ==

This form of {{mIRC|$fread}} returns the number of bytes read (from the file pointed by name or the Nth handle) into the specified binary variable, where M is the number of bytes to read.

== {{mIRC|$fgetc}}(name | N) ==

{{mIRC|$fgetc}} returns the next character.

== When to use File handling ==
It important to know when to use explicit file handling, and when you can use {{mIRC|/write}} and {{mIRC|$read}}.

Let's take a look at /write, /write is a powerful tool which allows you to write to a file according to severals predefined options.

A simple "/write filename.txt line" involves the following file handling operations:

* /fopen - opens the file
* /fseek - goes to the end of the file
* /fwrite - writes to the file
* /fclose - closes the file

So, executing /write twice involves 8 file handling operations; the more you have to write, the more operations you create. If you do /write three times, the 12 operations can be reduced to 5:

<source lang="mIRC">
; assuming text.txt is empty
write test.txt line 1
write test.txt line 2
write test.txt line 3

; is better written as
fopen test test.txt
fwrite -n line 1
fwrite -n line 2
fwrite -n line 3
fclose test
</source>

The same thing applies to reading, $read opens the file, try to match and close the file, so any consecutive call to $read means the file is opened/closed each time. If you are looking for a particular line, you can avoid multiple $read calls by searching with /fseek.

Whenever you are going to use /write or $read in a loop to write/read a lot of things, if the loop isn't small and if the file isn't small, it might get slow very quickly, and you should consider using file handling.