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Three primary source variations were produced by Intel: C4004, D4004 and the P4004. The ''Intel C4004'' was the first chip to be manufactured; it had the gray traces visible on the white ceramic package itself. The C4004 was produced up until mid 1976, when production for the ''Intel D4004'' began. The D4004 had a plastic, black ceramic package. The ''Intel P4004'' is the plastic packaging version.
 
Three primary source variations were produced by Intel: C4004, D4004 and the P4004. The ''Intel C4004'' was the first chip to be manufactured; it had the gray traces visible on the white ceramic package itself. The C4004 was produced up until mid 1976, when production for the ''Intel D4004'' began. The D4004 had a plastic, black ceramic package. The ''Intel P4004'' is the plastic packaging version.
  
Only two known secondary sources exists, which has been developed by National Semiconductor and Hitachi since mid-1975. National Semiconductor produced two versions: ''INS4004J'' and ''INS4004D''. The ''INS4004J'' is a 16-pin black, ceramic DIP, while the ''INS4004D'' version is a 16-pin side-brazed, ceramic DIP. The other source was the [[Hitachi HD35404|HD35404]] made by [[Hitachi]].
+
Only two known secondary sources exists, which has been developed by National Semiconductor and Hitachi since mid-1975. National Semiconductor produced two versions: ''INS4004J'' and ''INS4004D''. The ''INS4004J'' is a 16-pin black, ceramic DIP, while the ''INS4004D'' version is a 16-pin side-brazed, ceramic DIP. The other source was the {{hitachi|HD35404}} made by [[Hitachi]].
  
 
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Revision as of 01:30, 24 December 2015

Intel 4004
C4004 (Intel).jpg

Developer Intel

Introduction date March 1971

Model 4004

Transistors 2,300

Cores 1

Clock 740 KHz

Bus Width 4-bit

Lithography 10μm

Max TDP 0.63 W

Memory Specs
Max Memory 4KB (program)
640B (RAM)

Packaging
Package 16-pin DIP

The Intel 4004 was released by Intel Corporation in 1971 and was the first commercially available microprocessor. The 4004 was a 4-bit CPU, designed for use in the Busicom 141-PF printing calculator[1]. The chip, which is clocked at 740 KHz, employs a 10µm[2] process silicon-gate, capable of executing 92,000 instructions per second. The chip was capable of accessing 4KB of program memory and 640 bytes of RAM. The 4004 was part of the Intel MCS-4 system.

The microprocessor had a limited architecture, such as: only a 3-levels deep stack, a complex memory access scheme, and no interrupt support. In 1974 Intel released an enhanced version of the chip called the 4040.

Variations

A National Semiconductor version of the 4004, INS4004J

Three primary source variations were produced by Intel: C4004, D4004 and the P4004. The Intel C4004 was the first chip to be manufactured; it had the gray traces visible on the white ceramic package itself. The C4004 was produced up until mid 1976, when production for the Intel D4004 began. The D4004 had a plastic, black ceramic package. The Intel P4004 is the plastic packaging version.

Only two known secondary sources exists, which has been developed by National Semiconductor and Hitachi since mid-1975. National Semiconductor produced two versions: INS4004J and INS4004D. The INS4004J is a 16-pin black, ceramic DIP, while the INS4004D version is a 16-pin side-brazed, ceramic DIP. The other source was the HD35404 made by Hitachi.

Manufacturer Model Package
Intel C4004 16-pin Ceramic DIP
Intel D4004 16-pin Ceramic DIP
Intel P4004 16-pin Plastic DIP
National Semiconductor INS4004D 16-pin Ceramic DIP
National Semiconductor INS4004J 16-pin side-brazed Ceramic DIP
Hitachi HD35404 16-pin DIP

Pinout

Pinout diagram of the Intel 4004

The 4004 has 16 pins that are used for i/o, memory controller, clock phases, power and reset.

Pinout & Description
Pin # Pin Name Purpose Explanation
1 D0 Bidirectional data bus pins Address and data communication to the ROM and RAM occurs on D0-D3.
2 D1
3 D2
4 D3
5 Vss Main Supply
6 Clock Phase 1 Clock inputs
7 Clock Phase 2
8 Sync ROM & RAM Sync Synchronizes the ROM and RAM by signaling the clock is on the raising edge.
9 Reset Reset flag A logic 1 clears all processor status registers and forces the program counter to jump to address 0x0. The RESET signal must be on for at least 64 clock cycles in order to take effect.
10 Test Test logic state Signal can be tested via the JCN instruction.
11 CM-ROM CM-ROM output ROM selection signal used to retrieve data from memory.
12 VDD VSS -15±5%
13 CM-RAM3 CM-ROM outputs Bank selection signal for the 4002 RAM chips in the system.
14 CM-RAM2
15 CM-RAM1
16 CM-RAM0

References