Editing hitachi/6309

{{hitachi title|6309}}
{{ic family
| title             = Hitachi 6309
| image             = hd63c09ep.jpg
| caption           = HD63C09EP
| developer         = Motorola
| developer 2       = Hitachi
| manufacturer      = Hitachi
| type              = Microprocessors
| first launched    = 1982
| arch              = 8-bit with support for 16/32 arithmetic
| isa               = 6309
| word              = 8 bit
| proc              = 
| tech              = CMOS
| clock min         = 1 MHz
| clock max         = 5 MHz
| package           = DIP40
| package 2         = CG40
| package 3         = CP44
| package 4         = FP52
| package 5         = FP54
}}
The '''6309''' was a family of {{arch|8}} [[CMOS]] [[microprocessor]]s designed by [[Hitachi]] and released in late 1982. The 6309 was advertised and marketed as a licensed low-power [[CMOS]] version of the [[Motorola]] {{motorola|6809}}. This chip was also compatible with rest of the components in Hitachi's {{hitachi|HMCS-6800}} family.

Renewed interest in the 6309 was brought about during the late 1980s (Japan) and 1992 (US/Europe) when a number of previously unknown and undocumented features surfaced. Some of those features were quite considerable for the time - including hardware support for {{arch|32}} arithmetic, block transfer, bit manipulation, and faster operations.

== History ==
Hitachi released the 6309 in late 1982 as a licensed second source for the {{motorola|6809}}. The 6309 was advertised and sold as 100% compatible [[CMOS]] version of {{motorola|6809}}. Being more power efficient and cooler, the 6309 became quite popular in the [[TRS-80 Color Computer|CoCo community]] as a replacement in their systems. Various observable differences in the two microprocessors were spotted very early on - particularly in the way illegal instructions were being handled. Those reports were simply seen as possible bugs in the Hitachi version.

One of the earliest publications explaining some of the differences in the 6309 came from the Japanese Personal Computer Magazine "Oh!FM" published by SoftBank. In their April 1988 issue, it was revealed that the 6309 actually run in [[emulation mode]] by default and could in fact be switched to run in [[native mode]] which had a large set of extended features including additional [[register]]s, {{arch|32}} quad-word arithmetic, and a number of trap modes. It wasn't until 4 years later in 1992 when Hirotsugu Kakugawa, a [[computer engineering]] graduate student from Japan, posted a memo named "{{\|A MEMO ON THE SECRET FEATURES OF 6309}}" to comp.sys.m6809 exposing those features in English from the Oh!FM magazine.

=== possible reasons ===
There has been a number of speculations as to why Hitachi never documented those features. In fact, even to date, Hitachi has never officially confirmed their existence. Hitachi has been known to make minor tweaks and adjustments to products they license whenever they see fit. It has been speculated that their contract with Motorola simply restricted them from doing the same with the {{motorola|6809}}. It's entirely possible Hitachi chosen to not document those features to steer clear of legal issues.

== Design ==
{{empty section}}

=== ISA ===
{{main|hitachi/6309/isa|l1=ISA}}
{{empty section}}

== See also ==
* {{motorola|6809}}
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 === possible reasons ===
 There has been a number of speculations as to why Hitachi never documented those features. In fact, even to date, Hitachi has never officially confirmed their existence. Hitachi has been known to make minor tweaks and adjustments to products they license whenever they see fit. It has been speculated that their contract with Motorola simply restricted them from doing the same with the {{motorola|6809}}. It's entirely possible Hitachi chosen to not document those features to steer clear of legal issues.
-== Members ==
-{| class="wikitable sortable"
-|-
-! Part !! [[clock generator|Clock]] !! OP Temp !! Packages !! Notes
-|-
-| {{\|HD63B09}} || 2 MHz || -20 °C - 75 °C || {{\|HD63B09P}} - DIP40 ||
-|-
-| {{\|HD63B09E}} || 2 MHz (Ext.) || -20 °C - 75 °C || {{\|HD63B09EP}} - DIP40 || External clock
-|-
-| {{\|HD63C09}} || 3 MHz || -20 °C - 75 °C  || {{\|HD63C09P}} - DIP40 ||
-|-
-| {{\|HD63C09E}} || 3 MHz (Ext.) || -20 °C - 75 °C || {{\|HD63C09EP}} - DIP40 || External clock
-|}
 == Design ==
designer	Motorola + and Hitachi +
first launched	1982 +
full page name	hitachi/6309 +
instance of	microprocessor family +
instruction set architecture	6309 +
main designer	Motorola +
manufacturer	Hitachi +
name	Hitachi 6309 +
package	DIP40 +, CG40 +, CP44 +, FP52 + and FP54 +
technology	CMOS +
word size	8 bit (1 octets, 2 nibbles) +