Editing amd/microarchitectures/k7

{{amd title|K7|arch}}
{{microarchitecture
|atype=CPU
|name=K7
|designer=AMD
|manufacturer=AMD
|introduction=June 23, 1999
|process=250 nm
|process 2=180 nm
|process 3=130 nm
|cores=1
|type=Superscalar
|oooe=Yes
|speculative=No
|renaming=Yes
|stages min=10
|stages max=15
|isa=x86-32
|extension=MMX
|extension 2=Extended MMX
|extension 3=3DNow!
|extension 4=Extended 3DNow!
|extension 5=SSE
|l1i=64 KiB
|l1i desc=2-way set associative
|l1d=64 KiB
|l1d desc=2-way set associative
|l2=256 or 512 KiB
|l2 desc=16-way set associative
|core name=Spitfire
|core name 2=Morgan
|core name 3=Camaro
|core name 4=Appaloosa‎‎
|core name 5=Applebred
|core name 6=Palomino
|core name 7=Thoroughbred
|core name 8=Barton
|predecessor=K6-III
|predecessor link=amd/microarchitectures/k6-iii
|successor=K8
|successor link=amd/microarchitectures/k8
|pipeline=Yes
|OoOE=Yes
|issues=3
|inst=Yes
|cache=Yes
|core names=Yes
|succession=Yes
}}
'''K7''' was the [[microarchitecture]] for [[AMD]]'s {{amd|Athlon}} and {{amd|Duron}} families of microprocessors as a successor to the {{\\|K6-III}}. K7 was superseded by {{\\|K8}} in 2003.

== Codenames ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Core !! Family !! Description
|-
| {{amd|Spitfire|l=core}} || {{amd|Duron}} || 1st generation Duron
|-
| {{amd|Morgan|l=core}} || {{amd|Duron}} || 2nd generation Duron, introduced SSE & Hardware data prefetcher
|-
| {{amd|Camaro|l=core}} || {{amd|Duron}} || Former corename for 2nd generation (Morgan) mobile processors
|- style="text-decoration: line-through"
| {{amd|Appaloosa‎‎|l=core}} || {{amd|Duron}} || Scheduled to be 3rd generation, scrapped for unknown reasons
|-
| {{amd|Applebred|l=core}} || {{amd|Duron}} || 3rd generation Duron, produced on a newer [[130 nm process]] 
|-
| {{amd|Palomino|l=core}} || {{amd|Athlon MP}}<br>{{amd|Athlon XP}} || 1st generation Athlon XP/MP performance processors
|-
| {{amd|Thoroughbred|l=core}} || {{amd|Athlon MP}}<br>{{amd|Athlon XP}} || 2nd generation Athlon XP/MP performance processors
|-
| {{amd|Barton|l=core}} || {{amd|Athlon MP}}<br>{{amd|Athlon XP}} || 3rd generation Athlon XP/MP performance processors
|}

== Process Technology ==
K7 was originally manufactured on AMD's [[180 nm process]]. By late 2002, AMD transitioned to a [[130 nm process]].

== Architecture ==
K7 was a relatively new design by [[AMD]] which marked a departure from the aging [[Socket 7]] and [[Super Socket 7]]. The new architecture introduced a number of major changes including a new propietary unified [[Socket A]].

=== Key changes from {{amd|K6|l=arch}} / {{amd|K6-III|l=arch}} ===
* System Bus
** K7 utilizes the [[Digital Alpha]] {{decc|EV6}} system bus interface
*** AMD licensed the technology from Digital allowing them to independently develop their own [[chipsets]] and [[motherboards]] without paying licensing fees to [[Intel]] for their [[Slot 1]] {{intel|GTL+}} bus. This does consequently meant incompatibility AMD's motherboards and Intel's motherboards.
*** The EV6 utilizes [[double data rate]] (DDR) doubling the effective data transfer rate of the bus speed.
*** 100 MHz bus = 200 [[MT/s]]
*** 133 MHz bus = 266 [[MT/s]]

=== Memory Hierarchy ===
AMD used a split L1$ and a unified L2$. While originally K7 had an L2$ controller on-die with the actual cache off-chip, AMD moved the L2$ on-die the following year.
* Cache
** L1 Cache:
*** 64 [[KiB]] 2-way set associative instruction, 64 B line size
*** 64 KiB 2-way set associative instruction, 64 B line size
** L2 Cache:
*** 64 KiB 16-way set associative, 64 B line size
*** Unified
*** 7 cycles latency
*** 64-bit data bus
*** exclusive
*** '''Note''' original {{amd|Athlon}} models did not feature an on-die L2$, instead cache was implemented off-chip with a built-in controller supporting up to 8 [[MiB]] OF [[single data rate|SDR]]/[[double data rate|DDR]] [[SRAM]]s. Full tag was used for 512 or less [[KiB]] memory and partial tag for larger caches.

* TLB
** ITLB
*** 24-entry, dual-port
** DTLB
*** 32-entry, dual-port
** STLB
** 256-entry

Both AMD's and Intel's original models did not feature on-die L2$. When compared to [[Intel]]'s original {{intel|Pentium III}} L1 which was 32 KiB (albeit at higher associativity), K7 had superior performance due to having 4 times as much cache. By the following year AMD moved the cach on-die. With the introduction of the {{intel|Coppermine}} models, Intel moved the L2$ on-die as well with half of K7's latency. This change allowed Pentium models to outperform Athlon for certain workloads.

== Die Shot ==

=== Duron DHD1200AMT1B ===
AMD {{amd|Duron}} {{amd|DHD1200AMT1B}} {{amd|Morgan|l=core}}-based core:

:[[File:AMD_DHD1200AMT1B_die_shot 2.jpg|650px]]

=== Athlon K7500MTR51B C ===
AMD {{amd|Athlon}} {{amd|K7500MTR51B C}} {{amd|Argon|l=core}}-based core:

:[[File:AMD Athlon K7500MTR51B C die shot.jpg|650px]]

== All K7 Chips ==
<!-- NOTE: 
           This table is generated automatically from the data in the actual articles.
           If a microprocessor is missing from the list, an appropriate article for it needs to be
           created and tagged accordingly.

           Missing a chip? please dump its name here: http://en.wikichip.org/wiki/WikiChip:wanted_chips
-->
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<tr><th colspan="8" style="background:#D6D6FF;">K7 Chips</th></tr>
<tr><th>Model</th><th>Family</th><th>Core</th><th>Launched</th><th>TDP</th><th>V<sub>CORE</sub></th><th>Freq</th><th>Max Mem</th></tr>
{{table sep|col=8|[[Uniprocessors]]}}
{{#ask: [[Category:microprocessor models by amd]] [[instance of::microprocessor]] [[microarchitecture::K7]] [[max cpu count::1]]
 |?full page name
 |?model number
 |?microprocessor family
 |?core name
 |?first launched
 |?tdp#W
 |?core voltage#V
 |?base frequency#MHz
 |?max memory#GB
 |format=template
 |template=proc table 2
 |searchlabel=
 |userparam=9
 |mainlabel=-
}}
{{table sep|col=8|[[Uniprocessors]]}}
{{#ask: [[Category:microprocessor models by amd]] [[instance of::microprocessor]] [[microarchitecture::K7]] [[max cpu count::!1]]
 |?full page name
 |?model number
 |?microprocessor family
 |?core name
 |?first launched
 |?tdp#W
 |?core voltage#V
 |?base frequency#MHz
 |?max memory#GB
 |format=template
 |template=proc table 2
 |searchlabel=
 |userparam=9
 |mainlabel=-
}}
{{table count|col=8|ask=[[Category:microprocessor models by amd]] [[instance of::microprocessor]] [[microarchitecture::K7]]}}
</table>

== See also ==
* {{amd|Athlon}}
* {{amd|Duron}}
* {{intel|NetBurst}}
codename	K7 +
core count	1 +
designer	AMD +
first launched	June 23, 1999 +
full page name	amd/microarchitectures/k7 +
instance of	microarchitecture +
instruction set architecture	x86-32 +
manufacturer	AMD +
microarchitecture type	CPU +
name	K7 +
pipeline stages (max)	15 +
pipeline stages (min)	10 +
process	250 nm (0.25 μm, 2.5e-4 mm) +, 180 nm (0.18 μm, 1.8e-4 mm) + and 130 nm (0.13 μm, 1.3e-4 mm) +